Text (with hotlink) | Original Language | Biographical Info | Religion | Date of Composition | Location Composed | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Damage Reports from all Authors | ||||||
Locations receiving damage from all Authors | ||||||
Salomon ben Zemah | Hebrew | Scribe at the Palestinian Talmudical Academy in Ramla | Jewish | 1033 CE | Ramla | eye-witness account which describes a seismic shock in Ramla just before sunset on 6 December 1033 CE, shocks continuing through the night, and recurring shocks the next evening. Lists numerous Seismic Effects and locations which experienced damage. |
Nasir-i Khusrau | Persian | Nasir i-Khusrau was a Persian poet, philosopher, Isma'ili scholar, traveler and one of the greatest writers in Persian literature. Until A.H. 437 (1046 AD), he worked as a financial secretary and revenue collector for the Seljuk sultan Toghrul Beg, or rather for his brother Jaghir Beg, the emir of Khorasan | Isma'ili Shi'ite Muslim | 11th century CE - covers travels undertaken from 6 March 1046 – 23 October 1052 CE | Yamagan (Afghanistan) ? | Nasir i-Khusrau described an inscription over one of the porches of the Mosque in Ramla which stated that on Muharram 15, of the year 425 (December 10, 1033), there was an earthquake of great violence, which threw down a large number of buildings, but that no single person sustained any injury. |
Cedrenus | Greek | Proedrus | Orthodox (Byzantium) | 1050s CE | Anatolia | States that an earthquake damaged the cities of Syriaon 18 Feb. 1034 CE. This date may represent a report of an aftershock. |
Michael the Bishop of Tannis | Arabic or Coptic translated to Arabic (Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia) | Michael, the bishop of Tinnis, was a continuator of the the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria by Sawirus (Severus) ibn al-Muqaffa. (Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia) | Coptic Christian | 1051 or 1058 CE (Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia) | Tinnis, Egypt | describes two mountains in the district of Paneas [which] met together and fire came out from between themand describes an unlocated tsunami. The date of these events is constrained to 13 December 1032 - 13 June 1036 CE. |
Yahya of Antioch | Arabic | Egyptian born Physician. wrote a continuation of his relative Eutychius’ Annals, extending the annals from 938 to 1034 CE (Kazhdan, 1991:2213) | Melkite Christian | 11th century CE | Antioch | <Reports that a terrible earthquake struck the area, such as had never been seen or heard of before. He lists a number of seismic effects, half the houses in Ramla collapsed, cities effected, and describes a tsunami in Akko. Yahya of Antioch appears to have listed the wrong month. If one substitutes the month prior (Muharram) for the month supplied by Yahya (Safar), one comes up with a date of 5 December 1033 CE. |
Unpublished Greek Manuscript | Greek | ? | Christian | ? | ? | describes an earthquake in A.H. 425 on the first day of the week of Asotus. States that the shocks lasted for 2 days. Describes a number of seismic effects and mentions a number of localities damaged. |
Scylitzes | Greek | Continuator of Theophanes' Chronicle. Little is known about his life.
Neville (2018:156) described Scylitzes as a legal scholar and high-ranking imperial official active in
the later eleventh century. She also noted that John Skyltizes seems to be the same person as the John Thrakesios.
John Thrakesios held the title of droungarios of the watch, which in this era was the head of the imperial judiciary, and the high honor of kouropalatēs. She added that Kedrenos also calls him a protovestiarios, although Seibt corrects this to protovestes on the grounds that the title protovestiarios was only given to members of the imperial family. |
Christian | late 11th century | Constantinople ? | States that on the seventeenth of February, there was an earthquake and the cities of Syria suffered severely. The 17 February date is close to the 18 February date supplied by Cedrenus. The year supplied by Scylitzes (1039 or 1055 CE) is way off compared to the other textual accounts. |
Benjamin of Tudela | Hebrew | A Spanish rabbi. His Massdoth is a diary of his wanderings between 1160 and 1173 from Spain across the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy to eastern Mediterranean lands. It is a fundamental source of information regarding the distribution of Jewish communities in the Mediterranean area, as well as for the political situation in the Holy Land.(Guidoboni and Comastri, 2005:861) |
Jewish | 12th century CE | transcibed a manuscript from Ramla which described the earthquake which struck at sunset on 6 December 1033 CE. Lists numerous Seismic Effects and locations which experienced damage. | |
Michael Glycas | Greek | Imperial secretary (grammatikos), Theologian, Magician (?), Prisoner (?). Possibly linked to (or was) a reputed magician and theologian who was condemned as a heretic and punished for allegedly being involved in a conspiracy against the Emperor. | Christian | 2nd half of the 12th century CE | Constantinople | States that Jerusalem was afflicted by an earthquake, such that in the ruins of Temples and Houses, a large number of people were crushed and the earth shook for forty days. |
Ibn al-Jawzi | Arabic | Ibn al-Jawzi was a 20th generation descendant of caliph Abu Bakr, the father-in-law of the prophet Muhammad (de Somogyi, 1932:51). He was born in Baghdad around 1115 CE and died there in 1200 CE (de Somogyi, 1932:52). A true bibliophile, he is reported to have spent most of a considerable inherited fortune in purchasing books (de Somogyi, 1932:52). He was a preacher and a prolific author whose output numbers at least in the hundreds of volumes and may have reached, as he claimed, a thousand (de Somogyi, 1932:54). | Hanbali Sunni Muslim | 2nd half of the 12th c. CE | Baghdad | Reports an earthquake in Ramla in the year A.H. 425 (26 November 1033 to 15 November 1034 CE). Lists numerous seismic effects and other localities affected. |
Ibn al-Athir | Arabic | Ibn al-Athir spent most of his life in Mosul and claimed to be a private scholar
(Keany, 2013:83). He was present at
Saladin's military campaigns against the Crusaders. Keany (2013:82)
notes that he wrote much of The Complete History (al-Kamil fi at-Tarikh)
at the turn of the [12th] century, supposedly as a personal reference, abandoned it to write a history of the Zangids, and then returned to the Kamil at the end of his life. The Complete History was completed in 1231 CE and consists of 11 volumes. He is also reported to have lived in Aleppo and Damascus. |
Muslim | 1231 CE | Mosul | Reports a very violent earthquake [which] ravaged Syria and Egypt, focused most strongly on Ramlain the year A.H. 425 (26 November 1033 to 15 November 1034 CE). |
Bar Hebraeus | Syriac | Maphrian (regional primate) | Syriac Orthodox Church | 13th century CE | Jazira ? Persia ? | Bar Hebraeus reports an earthquake in Egypt and Palestinebetween 26 November 1033 and 30 Sept. 1034 CE. He lists a number of seismic effects, cities effected, and describes a tsunami in Akko. |
al-Dhahabi | Arabic | al-Dhahabi was an Arab theologian, lawyer, professor, and historian
who was born in Damascus or Mayyafarikin in 1274 CE and died in Damascus in either 1348 or 1352/1353 CE
(en Cheneb and De Somogyi in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 2, 1991:214-216).
He traveled and studied extensively with a long sojourn in Cairo.
en Cheneb and De Somogyi in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 2 (1991:214-216)
characterize his written works as that of a compiler like practically all the post-classical Arab authorswhose works are distinguished by careful composition and constant references to his authorities. His most notable work is Great History of Islam (Ta'rikh al-Islam al-Kabir) which begins with the genealogy of Muhammad and ends in the year A.H. 700 (1300/1301 CE). It follows the template of Kitab al-muntazam by Ibn al-Jawzi. Great History of Islam had continuators including al-Dhahabi himself and also appears many times as abridged editions - including abridgments made by al-Dhahabi (en Cheneb and De Somogyi in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 2, 1991:214-216). |
Muslim | Early 14th century CE | Damascus | Ambraseys (2009) noted that Great History of Islam by al-Dhahabi contains a passage about this earthquake. |
Muhammad Ibn Shakir al-Kutubi | Arabic | little is known about al-Kutubi. He may have been a book seller as Kutubi means book seller. | 14th century CE | Damascus | Ambraseys (2009) and Guidoboni and Comastri (2005) both indicate that al-Kutubi wrote about this earthquake. | |
as-Suyuti | Arabic | al-Suyuti is presently recognized
as the most prolific author in the whole of Islamic literature(E. Geoffroy in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 9, 1991:913-916). He was widely read and famous across the Islamic world during his lifetime and was known for extreme self-confidence in his mental abilities (e.g. he had memorized 200,000 hadiths and was a polymath) which mingled with arrogance and created acrimonious relations inside Egypt (E. Geoffroy in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 9, 1991:913-916). E. Geoffroy in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 9 (1991:913-916) describes his procedure as scientific in so far as he quotes his sources with precision and presents them in a critical wayand states that he cannot be considered as a mere compiler. He may have authored close to a thousand books writing on many subjects (e.g., History, Biography) besides religion and Islamic jurisprudence. as-Suyuti was born in Egypt in 1445 CE and at the age of eighteen taught Shafi'i law at the mosque of Shaykhu and gave juridicial consultations. In 1472 CE, he became a teacher of hadith at the same mosque. In 1486 CE at the age of 40, as-Suyuti retired from public life. By 1501 CE, he had completely isolated himself in his home on Rawda Island in Cairo where he worked on the editing and revision of his literary works. He died there in 1505 CE (E. Geoffroy in Encyclopedia of Islam v. 9, 1991:913-916). His book Clearing up the Description of Earthquakes is a valuable reference for historical earthquakes and is one of the earliest extant earthquake catalogs. |
Sufi Muslim | 15th c. CE | Cairo | States that there were numerous earthquakes in Egypt and the Syrian territoriesin A.H. 425 (26 November 1033 to 15 November 1034 CE). The use of the plural earthquakes suggests that the many seismic effects mentioned and localities named may represent an amalgamation from more than one earthquake. |
Mujir al-Din | Arabic | Mujir al-Din al-’Ulaimi was born in Jerusalem in 1456 CE. He studied there from a young age until he moved to Cairo at the age of eighteen to pursue further studies for about 10 years before returning to Jerusalem. He worked as a public servant and was appointed qadi (Shari’a judge) of Ramla in 1484 CE. He became the chief Hanbali qadi of Jerusalem in 1486 CE and held that position for nearly 3 decades until he retired in 1516 CE. He wrote several books but only one - The glorious history of Jerusalem and Hebron (al-Uns al-Jalil bi-tarikh al-Quds wal-Khalil) - was published (wikipedia). | Muslim | ca. 1495 CE | Jerusalem | Ambraseys (2009) and Guidoboni and Comastri (2005) both indicate that Mujir al-Din wrote about this earthquake. |
Restoration Work done on Al Aqsa Mosque in A.H. 426 | Le Strange (1890:101-102) presents evidence that Al Aqsa Mosque was restored soon after the damaging earthquake. | |||||
Other Authors | ||||||
Text (with hotlink) | Original Language | Biographical Info | Religion | Date of Composition | Location Composed | Notes |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Jerusalem - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Jerusalem's City Walls | possible | Weksler-Bdolah in Galor and Avni (2011:421-423) presented historical evidence and limited archaeological evidence which indicates that Jerusalem's city walls were reconstructed in the late 10th - early 11th century CE - possibly partly in response to seismic damage. | |
Tiberias - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Tiberias - Mount Berineke | possible | Archaeoseismic Evidence from the church on top of Mount Berineke is undated ( Ferrario et al, 2014) | |
Tiberias - Basilica | possible | ≥ 8 | End of Phase II earthquake - 11th century CE - Hirschfeld and Meir (2004) noted that Stratum I was
built above the collapse [of Stratum II] caused by an earthquake.Stratum I was dated to the 11th century CE while stratum II was dated to the 9th-10th centuries CE. |
Tiberias - House of the Bronzes | possible | End of Stratum II Earthquake - 11th-12th century CE - Hirschfeld Gutfeld (2008) proposed that debris on top of Stratum II indicates that Stratum II was terminated by an earthquake. Stratum II was dated from the 10th - 11th centuries CE. Overlying Stratum I was dated from the 12th-14th centuries CE. | |
Tiberias - Gane Hammat | possible | ≥ 8 | End of Phase IIb destruction layer - ~11th century CE -
Onn and Weksler-Bdolah (2016) wrote the following about the end of Phase IIb
All of the buildings were destroyed at the end of Phase IIb, probably by the strong earthquake that struck the region in 1033/4 [i.e., the 11th century CE Palestine Quakes]; both historical sources and the remains in other cities attest to this event. Following the earthquake, some of the buildings were left in ruins, but others were rebuilt. The buildings in Area A, for example, was never restored: the columns that had collapsed in the earthquake were discovered toppled on the floors of the courtyards belonging to the Phase IIb building. |
Umm el-Qanatir | possible | ≥ 8 | 2nd Earthquake - undated - Wechsler et al (2008) report a collapse layer in a makeshift house that was built inside an abandoned synagogue that was likely seismically damaged from one of the Sabbatical Year Quakes (the Holy Desert Quake). The collapse layer from the makeshift house is not dated. |
Kedesh | possible | ≥ 8 | The Roman Temple at Kedesh exhibits archaeoseismic effects and appears to have been abandoned in the 4th century CE; possibly due to the northern Cyril Quake of 363 CE. Archaeoseismic evidence at the site could be due to 363 CE and/or other earthquakes in the ensuing ~1600 years. See Fischer et al (1984) and Schweppe et al (2017) |
Jericho - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Jericho - Hisham's Palace | probable | ≥ 8 9-10 |
Later Earthquake -
Alfonsi et al (2013) dated the causitive earthquake for the major seismic destruction at Hisham's Palace to the earthquake of 1033 CE unlike previous
researchers who dated it to one of the Sabbatical Year earthquakes. Their discussion is reproduced below:
The archaeological data testify to an uninterrupted occupancy from eighth century until 1000 A.D. of the Hisham palace (Whitcomb, 1988). Therefore, if earthquakes occurred in this time period, the effects should not have implied a total destruction with consequent occupancy contraction or abandonment. Toppled walls and columns in the central court cover debris containing 750-850 A.D. old ceramic shards (Whitcomb, 1988). Recently unearthed collapses north of the court confirm a widespread destruction after the eighth century (Jericho Mafjar Project - The Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago). These elements support the action of a destructive shaking event at the site later than the 749 A.D. earthquake. The two well-constrained, major historical earthquakes recognized in the southern Jordan Valley are the 749 and 1033 A.D. (Table 1; Marco et al (2003); Guidoboni and Comastri, 2005). We assign an IX—X intensity degree to the here-recorded Hisham damage, whereas a VII degree has been attributed to the 749 A.D. earthquake at the site (Marco et al, 2003). Furthermore, Whitcomb (1988) defines an increment of occupation of the palace between 900 and 1000 A.D. followed by a successive occupation in the 1200-1400 A.D. time span. On the basis of the above, and because no pottery remains are instead associated with the 1000-1200 A.D. period at Hisham palace (Whitcomb, 1988), we suggest a temporary, significant contraction or abandonment of the site as consequence of a severe destruction in the eleventh century. |
Lod/Ramla | possible | ≥ 8 | Rosen-Ayalon (2006:72) suggested that renovations to the White Mosque at Ramla in the third building phase occurred after the structure was damaged in the earthquake of 1033 CE. |
Mishmar David | possible | End of Stratum V Earthquake - 11th century CE - Yannai (2014) noted that an immense building in Stratum V of Area B
was damaged, possibly in another earthquake, either that of 1033 or of 1068 CE. Yannai (2014) noted that Stratum V buildings [in Sub-Area C1] were destroyed by a second earthquake, either the one that struck in 1033 or that of 1068 CE. |
|
Ramat Rahel | possible | ≥ 8 | 10th-11th century CE collapse - In The Tel Aviv - Heidelberg Joint Project - The 2006 and 2007 seasons at Ramat Rahel
mention is made of a 10th-11th century collapse in Area D1
A massive stone collapse had covered the floors of the different architectural units. The many broken pottery vessels date the collapse of the building to the Abbasid period or to the beginning of the Fatimid period (10th–11th century CE) |
Beit-Ras/Capitolias | possible | Later Earthquakes -
Al-Tawalbeh et. al. (2020:14) discussed archaeoseismic evidence for later post abandonment earthquakes
We believe that filling up the cavea and orchestra of the theater happened parallel with the construction of the enclosing wall that essentially put all of the remaining building underground. Underground facilities are significantly less vulnerable to seismic excitation than that above-ground buildings (Hashash et aL, 2001). Understandably, when each wall and arch are supported by embedding sediment (dump in Beit-Ras), the observed deformations of the excavated theater mostly cannot develop unless unsupported. Therefore, evidence of damage due to any subsequent events, such as A.D. 551, 634, 659, and 749, cannot be observed, because the possibility of collapse of buried structures is not plausible. However, potential collapse of other above-ground structures within the site of Beit-Ras cannot be ignored, such as the upper elements of the theater's structures, which were still exposed after the filling of the theater with debris. Several observations indicated that many collapsed elements of the upper parts of the theater were mixed with the debris, as documented in excavation reports by Al-Shami (2003, 2004). Another example suggesting the effect of the later events, such as that of A.D. 749. Mlynarczyk (2017) attributed the collapse of some sections of the city wall of Beit-Ras to this event, based on the concentration of collapsed ashlars and the age of collected pottery from two trenches excavated to the west of the theater structure.Al-Tawalbeh et. al. (2020:6) also noted the following about the eastern orchestra gate: The basalt masonry in the upper left suggests a later local collapse and repair phase, where the basalt courses are overlaying the marly-chalky limestone to the left of the walled arched eastern gate. |
|
Petra - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Petra - Jabal Harun | possible | ≥ 8 | Phase 12 destruction event - not well dated -
Mikkola et al (2008) noted that in this destruction event all remaining roof structures collapsed and there was a layer of stone tumble. Hard-packed, clayey soil directly under the lowermost deposits of stone tumble [...] contained relatively few findsapparently making it difficult to date. Also found in the stone tumble were the remains of two fallen arches, a row of voussoirs, some drums fallen froma column, and many other architectural elements found throughout the complex. |
Petra - Petra Church | possible | ≥ 8 | Fiema et al (2001) characterized structural destruction of the church in Phase X as likely caused by an
earthquake with a date that is not easy to determine. A very general terminus post quemof the early 7th century CE was provided. Destruction due to a second earthquake was identified in Phase XIIA which was dated from late Umayyad to early Ottoman. Taken together this suggests that the first earthquake struck in the 7th or 8th century CE and the second struck between the 8th and 16th or 17th century CE. |
Petra - Blue Chapel and the Ridge Church | possible | Later undated earthquake(s)- Perry in Bikai et al (2020:70) noted that from the 8th c. A.D. on, the abandoned structures suffered extensive damage from repeated earthquakes. |
|
Aqaba - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Aqaba - Aila | possible | ≥ 7 (I) ≥ 8 (II) |
Two possibilities - Earthquake I and Earthquake II Earthquake I - Thomas et al (2007) described Earthquake II as follows: The youngest earthquake (Earthquake I) recorded at this site ruptured faults very close to the modern ground surface. Earthquake II - Thomas et al (2007) described Earthquake II as follows: These deposits were ruptured and the buildings collapsed. |
Shivta | possible | ≥ 8 | Erickson-Gini (2013) identified earthquake collapse at Shivta which she
dated to possibly in the Middle Islamic periodafter the site was abandoned at the end of the Early Islamic period.Korjenkov and Mazor (1999a) identified a post Byzantine earthquake which struck after 7th century CE abandonment. The terminus ante quem for this earthquake is not well established. Korjenkov and Mazor (1999a) estimated an Intensity of 8-9 for the post Byzantine earthquake and placed the epicenter a few tens of kilometers away in the WSW direction. They also report that a site effect is not likely at this location. |
Reṣafa | possible | Al Khabour (2016) notes that
the Basilica of St. Sergius (Basilica A) suffered earthquake destructions but did not supply dates. The apse displays fractures that appear to be a result
of earthquakes or differential subsidence
![]() ![]() Rusafa: the huge church containing the remains of St. Sergio. Al Khabour (2016) from the building of the church [Basilica A first built in the 5th century CE] up to the abandonment of the city in the 13th century, earthquakes and the building ground weakened by underground dolines [aka sinkholes] have caused considerable damage. |
|
Palmyra | unlikely to possible | 11th century CE earthquake -
Kowalski (1994:59) suggests that the House rebuilt from the Praetorium on top of the Temple of Allat was destroyed by an earthquake
in the 11th century CE.
The house was abandoned, maybe just like most of that area in the ninth century (Gawlikowski 1992: 68). The main entrance was walled up. The house remained unoccupied until it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1042 AD (Ambraseys 1969-1971:95)20. The ruin was buried in the earth.Ambraseys (2009)'s entry for an earthquake in 1042 CE is as follows: AD 1042 TadmurGuidoboni and Comastri (2005)'s entry for this earthquake is very similar. |
|
el-Lejjun | possible | ≥ 8 | 4th Earthquake - ~600 CE - 1918 CE - Groot et al (2006:183) report discovery of a
nearly complete Umayyad Lamp in Square 4 of Area B (Barracks - B.6.038) in the Post Stratum Gap - above and later than the 3rd earthquake layer.
Above the Ummayyad lamp was a 0.7 m thick layer of tumble containing some roof beams and many wall blocks(Groot et al, 2006:183). They note that the basalt roof beams found embedded in the lowest tumble level (B.6.032) suggests initial massive destruction rather than gradual decay over time. The wall blocks, found in the upper layer of tumble, contained one late Islamic (1174-1918 CE) and one Ayyubid/Mamluk (1174-1516 CE) sherd indicating a significant amount of time may have passed between the possibly seismically induced roof collapse and the wall collapse which was not characterized as necessarily having a seismic origin. This opens up the possibility that one of the mid 8th century CE earthquakes or a later earthquake may have also caused damage at el-Lejjun. deVries et al (2006:196) suggests that Umayyad abandonment of the northwest tower was probably triggered by further major collapse. In the North Gate, deVries et al (2006:207) found evidence of full scale destruction in layers above 3rd earthquake debris and post-earthquake occupation layerswhich contained Late Byzantine/Umayyad and Umayyad sherds. Subsoil/tumble was found in C.9.008 (north room), C.9.009 (south room) and C.9.005 (stairwell) bear ample witness to the destruction of the rooms, perhaps in the Umayyad period. Although Late Byzantine sherds were found in Post Stratum layers in the North Gate, if one assumes that the 3rd earthquake was the Inscription at Aeropolis Quake which struck before 597 CE - probably within a decade of 597 CE, one can establish an approximate and fairly conservative terminus post quem for this earthquake of ~600 CE. While the terminus ante quem is the end of the post stratum III gap (1918 CE), it is probable that that the earthquake struck much earlier. |
Castellum of Qasr Bshir | possible | ≥ 8 | Later Earthquake(s) - Above what was presumed to be a Late Umayyad collapse layer
Clark (1987:490) found another collapse layer in H.2
A period of abandonment followed [the Late Umayyad collapse], punctuated by a squatter occupation of the room, during which a fire was lit in the corner. There followed a major collapse of masonry, after which no further occupation of the room took place. |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Minimum PGA (g) | Likely PGA (g) | Likely Intensity1 | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Umm el-Qanatir | unlikely to possible | 0.36 | 0.5 | 8.2 | Landslide most likely occurred during the Holy Desert Quake of the Sabbatical Year Earthquakes. Archeoseismic evidence suggests Intensity ≥ 8. |
Fishing Dock Landslide | possible | 0.15 - 0.5 | 0.5 | 8.2 | undated landslide |
Ein Gev Landslide | possible | 0.37 | ? | ≥7.7 | dated to younger than 5 ka BP |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Minimum PGA (g) | Likely PGA (g) | Likely Intensity1 | Comments |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Akko | possible | Morhange et. al. (2016) did not encounter any tsunamogenic deposits from ~1033 CE in their coring campaign in the vicinity of Tel Akko. | |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kazzab Trench | possible | ≥ 7 | Daeron et al (2007) dated Event S1 to 926-1381 CE. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jarmaq Trench | possible | ≥ 7 | Nemer and Meghraoui (2006) date Event Z to after 84-239 CE. They suggested the Safed Earthquake of 1837 CE as the most likely candidate. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Qiryat-Shemona Rockfalls | possible | Kanari, M. (2008) examined rockfalls in Qiryat-Shemona which were attributed to earthquakes. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was performed on soil samples beneath the fallen rocks. Kanari et al (2019) assigned Sample ID QS-4 to the 11th century CE Palestine Quakes which struck in ~1033 CE however there is a large spread in ages. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jordan Valley - Tell Saidiyeh and Ghor Kabed Trenches | possible | ≥ 7 | Ferry et al (2011) detected 12 surface rupturing seismic events in 4 trenches (T1-T4) in Tell Saidiyeh and Ghor Kabed; 10 of which were prehistoric. The tightest chronology came from the Ghor Kabed trenches (T1 and T2) where Events Y and Z were constrained to between 560 and 1800 CE. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dead Sea - Seismite Types | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dead Sea - En Feshka | probable | 7.9 - 8.8 (66 cm.) 5.6 - 7.0 (70 cm.) 7.9 - 8.8 (74 cm.) 7.9 - 8.8 (80 cm.) |
Kagan et. al. (2011)
identified several seismites from around this time.
|
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Dead Sea - En Gedi | possible | 8.2 - 8.9 |
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Dead Sea - Nahal Ze 'elim | unlikely | At site ZA-2, Kagan et. al. (2011) did not find any seismites whose time window encompassed ~1033 CE. At site ZA-1, Ken-Tor et al. (2001a) did not assign a seismite to an earthquake around 1033 CE likely because there appears to have been a depositional hiatus in the ZA-1 section during this time. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba - Qasr Tilah | possible | ≥ 7 | Haynes et al. (2006) dated Events II and III to between the 7th and 12th centuries CE. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba - Taybeh Trench | unlikely | LeFevre et al. (2018) did not find any seismic events whose time window encompassed ~1033 CE. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba - Qatar Trench | possible | ≥ 7 | Klinger et. al. (2015) identified two seismic events which fit.
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Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |