Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes | ||||||
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Avdat | possible | ≥ 8 | The previousearthquake of Korjenkov and Mazor (1999) was dated by Negev (1989) to between ~300 CE and 541 CE and by Erickson-Gini (2014) to the early 5th century. An early 5th century date may suggest the Monaxius and Plinta Quake of 419 CE while Negev (1989)'s wider date range entertains the possibility that damage was caused by the Fire in the Sky Quake of 502 CE or the hypothesized Negev Quake of ~500 CE. Korjenkov and Mazor (1999) did not produce an Intensity estimate for the previousearthquake. The Intensity estimate presented here is based on Seismic Effects associated with rebuilding. A Ridge Effect is likely present at Avdat |
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Shivta | possible | ≥ 6 | Byzantine Earthquake -
Margalit (1987) excavated the North Church at Shivta and discovered two building phases.
the beginning of the sixth century A.D.. Negev (1989 provided epigraphic support for this ~500 CE date. The Intensity Estimate is based on the construction of revetment or support walls as other seismic effects would have likely been obscured by rebuilding. Construction of support walls suggests wall tilting during a previous seismic event. A site effect at Shivta is unlikely due to a hard carbonate bedrock. |
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Haluza | possible | ≥ 8 |
Korjenkov and and Mazor (2005) surmised that the first earthquake struck in the Byzantine period between the end of the 3rd and the mid-6th centuries A.D.. This was based on dates provided by Negev (1989). The Intensity estimate presented here is based on Seismic Effects categorized as Earthquake Damage Restorations by Korjenkov and and Mazor (2005) |
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Rehovot ba Negev | possible | ≥ 7 | Korzhenkov and Mazor (2014) identified an earthquake which they referred to as the Late Roman Earthquake. It likely struck between ~500 and ~600 CE; after initial construction (~460 - 470 CE) of the northern church (Tsafrir et al, 1988) where many of the Seismic Effects of Korzhenkov and Mazor (2014) were observed. Korzhenkov and Mazor (2014) estimated the same Intensity (VIII–IX) for 4 seismic events (~500 - ~600 CE Earthquake, 7th century Earthquake, 7th - 8th century Earthquake, and Earthquake(s) in Turkish-British times) and the same direction of the epicenter (ESE). Rehovot ba Negev has a probable site effect as much but not all of Rehovot Ba Negev was built on weak ground (confirmed by A. Korzhenkov, personal communication, 2021). Because of this site effect, the Intensity estimate has been downgraded from ≥8 to ≥7. | ||||||
Mampsis | possible | ≥ 8 | Mampsis suffers from a problematic and some times debated chronology [e.g., Magness (2003) vs.
Negev (1974:412, 1988)]. The 2nd earthquake observed by
Korzhenkov and Mazor (2003)
is tentatively bracketed to the 5th-7th centuries CE leaving the Negev Quake as
a potential cause of destruction. Korzhenkov and Mazor (2003)
characterized the 2nd earthquake as having an intensity of IX or more with an epicenter to the SW. Mampsis was characterized as being some distancefrom the epicenter and removed from the the hypocenter. |
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el-Lejjun | possible | ≥ 8 | Parker (2006:120) provided a terminus post quem of ~450 CE and a terminus ante quem of ~530 CE for their 2nd earthquake earthquake indicating that it struck between ~450 and ~530 CE. | ||||||
Castellum of Da 'janiya | possible | ≥ 8 | Godwin (2006:281) identified 3 destruction layers in room T.7. Roughly 2 m of architectural debris overlaid floor T.7:007, representing collapse from the curtain wall and other walls of the room. The 2 m of debris was divided into 3 different layers. Tumble layer T.7:006 was tentatively misdated to 502 CE (Fire in the Sky Quake - too far) which might suggest the ~500 CE Negev Quake caused the destruction. The two later destruction layers were interpreted as earthquake induced but were undated. | ||||||
Castellum of Qasr Bshir | possible | ≥ 8 | Possible Earthquake between ca. 500 and 636 CE - The site was abandoned by the Romans by 500 CE. After abandonment, limited occupation occurred which may have been no more than a squatter occupation. The site was re-occupied in the Umayyad period (starting in 636 CE ?). Clark (1987) identified a tumble layer in the Post Stratum III gap {ca. 500 to 636 CE) which could have been caused by an earthquake or gradual decay. |
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En Hazeva | possible | ≥ 8 (both quakes) |
Two possible candidates.
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Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dead Sea - Seismite Types | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dead Sea - En Feshka | possible | 5.6-8.8 (Heifetz/Wetzler) 7.0-8.6 (Modified Williams) |
Kagan et. al. (2011) identified
several seismites at En Feshka which could have been caused by the
Fire in the Sky Quake of 502 CE
or the hypothesized Negev Quake of ~500 CE.
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Dead Sea - En Gedi | possible | 7.9-8.8 | Migowski et. al. (2004) assigned a 502 CE date from the 1997 GSI/GFZ core in En Gedi (DSEn) to a 0.7 cm. thick Type 4 mixed layer seismite at a depth of 229.91 cm. (2.2991 m). This date assignment matches with the Fire in the Sky Quake of 502 CE or the hypothesized Negev Quake of ~500 CE. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dead Sea - Nahal Ze 'elim | possible | 8.4-9.3 | At site ZA-2, Kagan et. al. (2011) assigned a 17 cm. thick intraclast breccia and liquefied sand seismite at a depth of 315 cm. to the 551 CE Beirut Quake. However the Inscription at Areopolis Quake was significantly closer and fits within the modeled ages (± 1σ - 537 AD ± 70, ± 2σ - 540 AD ± 88). It is more likely that the seismite at 315 cm. depth was created by the Inscription at Areopolis Quake. The age range for this seismite also matches with the hypothesized ~500 CE Negev Quake and, less likely due to distance, the Fire in the Sky Quake of 502 CE. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba -Taybeh Trench | possible | ≥ 7 | Event E3 in the Taybeh Trench (LeFevre et al., 2018) matches well with a ~500 CE date (Modeled Age 551 CE ± 264) however the spread of ages for this event is large and a number of other earthquakes are possible candidates. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Araba - Qatar Trench | possible | ≥ 7 | Event E6 of Klinger et. al. (2015) has a Modeled Age of 251 CE ± 251 and thus could match with the hypothesized ~500 CE Negev Quake. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |