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Maps

Fault Maps - Israel

Active Faults around the Sea of Galilee (SOG)
Description Image Source
Faults in Jordan River Valley and SOG Fig 1b - Ferrario et al (2020)
Faults around SOG Fig 1c - Ferrario et al (2020)
Faults around SOG Fig 1b - Hazan et al (2004)

Faults N of SOG Fig. 1 - Wechsler et al (2018)
Neotectonic map of SOG Fig. 6 - Gasperini et al (2020)
Tectonic map of SOG Fig. 2 - Gasperini et al (2020)
Tectonic models for SOG Fig. 2 - Gasperini et al (2020)
Carmel & Gilboa Faults Fig. 31.1 - Marco et al (2006)
Dead Sea
Description Image Source
Dead Sea Fig 1 - Wetzler et al (2012)
PAF - W side
of Dead Sea
Fig 1 - Salamon (2004)
Tectonic Map
Dead Sea
Fig 17.4a - Ben-Avraham et al (2012)
Dead Sea Faults Fig. 2.6 - Rast and Schaub (2003)
Entire Country
Description Image Source
Quaternary Fault Map Fig 7 - Sharon et al (2020)
Active and Potentially Active Fault Map Geologic Survey of Israel

Fault Maps - Jordan

Jordan River Valley
Description Image Source
Segmented Faults in
Jordan River Valley
Fig 1b - Ferry et al (2011)
Segmented Faults in
Jordan River Valley
Fig 6 - Ferry et al (2011)
Segmented Faults in
Jordan River Valley
Fig 1 - Ferry (2007)
Closeup of Faulting
at Ghor Khabed
Fig 3 - Ferry (2007)
Seismotectonic Map
Jordan Valley
Fig 2 - Galli (1999)
Dead Sea Faults Fig. 2.6 - Rast and Schaub (2003)
Araba Valley
Segmented Faults in
Araba Valley
Fig 1 - Klinger et. al. (2015)
Closeup of
Yotvata Extension jog
Fig 2 - Klinger et. al. (2015)
Morphotectonic Map
Araba Valley
Fig 3a - Le Béon et al (2012)
Morphotectonic Map
N Araba Valley
Fig 3b - Le Béon et al (2012)
Seismotectonic Map
Araba Valley
Fig 1 - Galli (1999)
Geologic Map
N Araba
Fig 2 - Atallah (2002)
Geologic Map
N Araba
tighter scale
Fig 3 - Atallah (2002)
Dead Sea Transform Fig 1 - Atallah (2002)
Gulf of Aqaba (GOA)
Main transform faults
GOA
Fig 2 - Hartman at al (2014)
Geologic Map
N GOA
Fig 3 - Hartman at al (2014)
Faults
N GOA
Fig 7 - Hartman at al (2014)
Main transform faults
GOA
Fig 15 - Hartman at al (2014)
Seismicity & Faults
GOA
Fig 2 - Salama et al (2021)
References

Al-Taj, M. M., et al. (2007). "The Tectonic Geomorphology and the Archeoseismicity of the Dead Sea Transform in Jordan Valley." AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 41.

Atallah, M., et al. (2002). "Deformation at a strike-slip, stepover zone along the southeastern margin of the Dead Sea pullapart basin, Jordan." Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series 2.

Ferry, M., et al. (2011). "Episodic Behavior of the Jordan Valley Section of the Dead Sea Fault Inferred from a 14-ka-Long Integrated Catalog of Large Earthquakes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 101(1): 39-67.

Ferry, M., et al. (2007). "A 48-kyr-long slip rate history for the Jordan Valley segment of the Dead Sea Fault." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 260(3-4): 394-406.

Klinger, Y., et al. (2015). "5000 yr of paleoseismicity along the southern Dead Sea fault." Geophysical Journal International 202(1): 313-327.

Le Béon, M., et al. (2010). "Early Holocene and Late Pleistocene slip rates of the southern Dead Sea Fault determined from 10Be cosmogenic dating of offset alluvial deposits." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 115 (B11)

Le Béon, M., et al. (2012). "Quaternary morphotectonic mapping of the Wadi Araba and implications for the tectonic activity of the southern Dead Sea fault." Tectonics 31(5): TC5003.

Galli, P. (1999). "Active tectonics along the Wadi Araba-Jordan Valley transform fault." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104(B2): 2777-2796.

Hartman, G., et al. (2014). "Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Northern Gulf of Elat/Aqaba along the Dead Sea Transform." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119(12): 9183-9205.

Rast, W. E., Schaub, R. T. (2003). Bab Edh-Dhra': Excavations at the Town Site - Part 1. United States: Eisenbrauns. - can be borrowed with a free account from archive.org

Salama, A., et al. (2021). "Review of Tsunami Hazard Potential for Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt." Journal of the Geological Society of India 97: 1545-1550.

Tectonic and Bathymetric Maps - Gulf of Aqaba

Tectonic setting of entire Gulf of Aqaba

Figure 1

(A) Tectonic setting of the sinistral strike-slip Dead Sea Fault (DSF). Seismicity from the ISC earthquake catalogue 1964 - 2015 (http://www.isc.ac.uk). The DSF connects to the North to the East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) and to the South to the Red Sea ridge (modified from Le Béon et al., (2008)) GA: Gulf of Aqaba, ST: Strait of Tiran.

(B) Multibeam bathymetric map of GA and ST with the main active faults, combining R/V Thuwal (2018), F/S Meteor (1999) and Hall & Ben Avraham (1978) datasets. The main strike-slip faults are in red while normal faults are in black. Fault traces have been simplified for clarity. The grey focal mechanisms corresponding to the successive sub-events for the, Mw 7.3, 1995 earthquake, and location of the seismic swarms in 1983, 1990, 1993 and other focal mechanisms after Klinger et al., (1999). Grey background is Landsat 8 Imagery, courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (2018).
  • ArF: Arnona Fault
  • AF: Aragonese Fault
  • DF: Dakar Fault
  • EF: Eilat Fault
  • HF: Haql Fault
  • TF: Tiran Fault
Matthieu et al. (2021)

Bathymetric Maps

Figure 2
  1. Bathymetric map of the Gulf of Aqaba combining R/V Thuwal (2018), F/S Meteor (1999) and Hall & Ben Avraham (1978) datasets
  2. Shade bathymetry of the Gulf of Aqaba with an azimuth of 315N and a sun angle of 25°
  3. Slope map of the Gulf of Aqaba from low slope angle (white: 0°) to high slope angle (black: >45°)
All maps are projected in WGS 84 - UTM 36N. On-land grey background from a Landsat-8 image, courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.

Matthieu et al. (2021)

Fault Map - North Gulf of Aqaba

Figure 3
  1. Zoom-in of the northern part of the Gulf of Aqaba, along the morphological trace of the Haql fault (see location on Figure 2) with location of the cross sections shown in (B). The fault lines are more detailed than in Figure 1. Red lines represent the main strike-slip faults, black lines the main normal faults. Along the Eilat fault, a long-term displaced channel as well as the left-lateral displacement of a small hill confirm the strike-slip character of the Eilat fault.
  2. Cross-sections along the longitudinal shape of the alluvial fans, North of the city of Haql. No vertical offsets are visible on these cross-sections, with the exception of a possible knickpoint along profile D-D’. The continuous convex shape of the fans suggests no recent activity of the Haql fault.
  3. The trace of the Haql fault is buried by fans coming from the coastal plain, with no visible recent perturbations of the fans at this location. Nevertheless, the high relief shows the long-term normal or oblique character of the Haql fault. In few places, the shaded topography suggests that a small part of strike-slip motion is also accommodated along the Haql fault.
  4. At the southern termination of the Haql fault, discontinuous small scarps across the fans suggest that this section of the fault might have been activated recently.
Matthieu et al. (2021)

Fault Map - Central Gulf of Aqaba

Figure 4
  1. Detailed fault map of the sinistral strike-slip fault system in the central GA. Direct evidence of surface rupture associated to the main subevent (see Fig. 2) of the 1995 Mw = 7.3 Nuweiba earthquake are found in box B.
  2. Sharp fault morphology suggesting very recent fault activation. Small changes of geometry along the Aragonese fault are responsible for small pull-apart (black squares) and counterslope scarp (white square).
  3. Detail of the fault zone between Aragonese Deep and Arnona Deep resulting from a complexity in the geometry of the Arnona fault. The red line represents the main active strike slip fault.
Matthieu et al. (2021)

Fault Map - South Gulf of Aqaba

Figure 5
  1. Southern part of the Gulf of Aqaba (see location on Figure 2). Dakar and Tiran Deeps are located between the sinistral strike-slip Arnona fault (red line) and the normal Dakar fault (bold black lines). The location of the main strike-slip fault is partly masked by diapiric foldings (black arrows) and secondary faulting (thin black and dashed black lines) associated with the destabilization of large salt deposits moving down from the Dahab plateau.
  2. Cross-sections across the Dahab plateau showing the eastward sloping and the topographic drop from the Dahab plateau toward the Dakar and Tiran deeps.
Matthieu et al. (2021)

Fault Map - Strait of Tiran

Figure 6

Strait of Tiran (see location on Figure 2).
  1. The sinistral strike-slip Tiran Fault is located between the Woodhouse and Jackson reefs. The sharp bathymetry to the North and to the South of the reef emphasizes the location of the fault. Red lines represent the main strike slip faults, black lines represent the main normal faults.
  2. Slope map of the Strait of Tiran, from low slope angle (white: 0°) to high slope angle (black: >45°).
Matthieu et al. (2021)

Fault Maps - Lebanon

Description Image Source
Major Faults Fig 1- Daeron et al (2007)
Tectonic Map of DSF Fig 1- Gomez et al (2007)
Topography of LRB Fig 2a- Gomez et al (2007)
Geology of LRB Fig 2b- Gomez et al (2007)
Roum Fault Fig 4 - Nemer and Meghraoui (2006)
DST in Lebanon Fig 1 - Nemer et al (2008)
DST in Lebanon Fig 1 - Nemer and Meghraoui (2006)
Active Faults
of Lebanon
Fig 1b - Daëron et al (2004)
Rachaya
Serghaya
Fault Area
Fig 2 - Nemer et al (2008)
Mount Lebanon Thrust
Description Image Source
Mount Lebanon Thrust Fig 1- Elias et al (2007)
Historical Earthquakes
in Lebanon
Fig 4- Elias et al (2007)
Area around Tripoli
Description Image Source
Region of Tripoli Fig 6- Gomez et al (2007)
Bekaa Valley
Description Image Source
Southern Bekaa Valley Fig. 12a - Gomez et al (2006)

Fault Maps - Syria

Description Image Source
Regional tectonic map Fig 1 - Abdul-Wahed and Ibrahim (2010)
Tectonic Zones Fig 2 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Principal Faults Fig 3 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Principal Faults Fig 2 - Abdul-Wahed and Ibrahim (2010)
Seismicity Fig 5 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Focal Mechanisms Fig 7 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Focal Mechanisms Fig 4 - Abdul-Wahed and Ibrahim (2010)
Simplified Focal Mechanisms Fig 5 - Abdul-Wahed and Ibrahim (2010)
Epicentral Map
Damascus
Fig 8 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Detailed Epicentral Map
Damascus
Fig 10 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Epicentral Map
Central Syria
Fig 9 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Epicentral Map
N Aleppo
Fig 11 - Abdul-Wahed et al (2018)
Missyaf fault segment Fig 7 - Meghraoui (2015)
Active Faults Syria Fig 1B - Sbeinati et al (2010)
Major Historical Earthquakes Fig 2 - Sbeinati et al (2010)
Major Historical Earthquakes Fig 1a - Meghraoui et al (2003)
Tectonic Map of Syria Fig. 15 - Brew et al (2001)
Tectonic Map of Syria Fig. 5 - Brew et al (2001)
Palmyride mountains
tectonics
Fig. 1 - Alsdorf et al (1995)
Simplified neotectonic
map of Syria
Fig. 1 - Rukieh et al (2005)
topography and boundaries
of the neotectonic provinces
Fig. 2 - Rukieh et al (2005)
Schematic map of the
main neotectonic features
Fig. 7 - Rukieh et al (2005)
Active faults in Syria Fig. 12 - Rukieh et al (2005)
topography and boundaries
of the neotectonic provinces
Fig. 13 - Rukieh et al (2005)
Overall structure of DSF Fig. 1 - Chorowicz et al (2005)
SOG to Homs Basalts Fig. 2 - Chorowicz et al (2005)
Geological Map Fig. 3 - Chorowicz et al (2005)
Sat Map Homs Basalts Fig. 5 - Chorowicz et al (2005)
Shin Volcanoe faulting Fig. 7 - Chorowicz et al (2005)
Overall Scheme DSF Fig. 11 - Chorowicz et al (2005)
Simplified Geol. Map Fig. 1 - Gomez et al (2006)
Central DSF Fig. 3a - Gomez et al (2006)
Northern DSF Fig. 5a - Gomez et al (2006)
Damascus Region Fig. 9 - Gomez et al (2006)
References

Abdul-Wahe, M. K. and J. Asfahani (2018). "The recent instrumental seismicity of Syria and its implications." Geofísica Internacional 57: 121-138.

Abdul-Wahed, M. K. and A.-T. Ibrahim (2010). "Preliminary outlining of the seismological active zones in Syria." Annals of Geophysics 53: 1-9.

BREW, G., et al. (2001). "Structure and tectonic development of the Ghab basin and the Dead Sea fault system, Syria." Journal of the Geological Society 158(4): 665-674.

Meghraoui, M. (2015). Paleoseismic History of the Dead Sea Fault Zone. Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. M. Beer, I. A. Kougioumtzoglou, E. Patelli and I. S.-K. Au. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 1-20.

Sbeinati, M. R., et al. (2010). "Timing of earthquake ruptures at the Al Harif Roman aqueduct (Dead Sea fault, Syria) from archaeoseismology and paleoseismology." Geological Society of America Special Papers 471: 243-267.

Meghraoui, M., et al. (2003). "Evidence for 830 years of seismic quiescence from palaeoseismology, archaeoseismology and historical seismicity along the Dead Sea fault in Syria." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210(1–2): 35-52.

Brew, G., et al. (2000). "Tectonic map and geologic evolution of Syria: The role of GIS." Geophysics 19: 176-182.

Mcbride, J. H., et al. (1990). "Seismic reflection structure of intracratonic Palmyride fold-thrust belt and surrounding Arabian platform, Syria." AAPG Bulletin 74(3): 238-259.

Alsdorf, D., et al. (1995). "The intraplate Euphrates fault system-Palmyrides mountain belt junction and relationship to Arabian plate boundary tectonics." Annals of Geophysics 38.

Rukieh, M., et al. (2005). "Neotectonic map of Syria and some aspects of Late Cenozoic evolution of the northwestern boundary zone of the Arabian plate." Journal of Geodynamics - J GEODYNAMICS 40: 235-256.

Chorowicz, J., et al. (2005). "Tectonics of the Pliocene Homs basalts (Syria) and implications for the Dead Sea Fault Zone activity." Journal of The Geological Society - J GEOL SOC 162: 259-271.

Fault Maps - Turkey

Active Fault Map Quadrangles (click on map to open)

Updating of Active Fault Map of Turkey and its Database (Archived Project on Research Gate - 72 references including quadrangle maps)

Description Image Source
Active Fault Map - E Med. Fig 2 - Duman et al (2018)
Active Fault Map - E Med. Fig 1 - Emre et al (2018)
Active Fault Map - Turkey Active Fault Map
of Turkey
with an Explanatory Text
1:1,250,000 Scale
Active Fault Map - Turkey (Big) Active Fault Map
of Turkey
with an Explanatory Text
1:1,250,000 Scale
Active Fault Map - Antakya Quadrangle Active Fault Map
of Turkey
Antakya Quadrangle
1:250,000 Scale
Active Faults - W Turkey Fig 3a - Emre et al (2018)
Active Faults - Central Turkey Fig 3b - Emre et al (2018)
Active Faults - E Turkey Fig 3c - Emre et al (2018)
Table 1 Table 1 - for Fig 3 a,b,c Table 1 - Emre et al (2018)
Fault Bend Systems NW Anatolia Fig 4 - Emre et al (2018)
Seismicity in Turkey vs. Mw Fig 4 - Duman et al (2018)
Focal Depth
Seismicity in Turkey
Fig 5 - Emre et al (2018)
Focal Depth
Seismicity in Turkey
Fig 9 - Duman et al (2018)
Crustal Cross-Sections Fig 8 - Duman et al (2018)
Focal mechanism map Fig 6 - Duman et al (2018)
Historical Earthquakes in Turkey Fig 5 - Duman et al (2018)
Earthquakes in Turkey
(1900-2012)
Fig 6 - Emre et al (2018)
Seismotectonic domains Fig 12 - Duman et al (2018)
Amik Basin Fig 1 - Akyuz et al (2006)
Hacipasa Fault Fig 2 - Akyuz et al (2006)
DST into EAF Fig 8 - Meghraoui (2015)
Tectonic Setting - EAF Fig 1 - Güvercin et al (2022)
Fault segmentation - EAF Fig 2 - Güvercin et al (2022)
Seismicity - EAF Fig 3 - Güvercin et al (2022)
Moment tensor solutions - EAF Fig 7 - Güvercin et al (2022)
References

Duman, T., et al. (2018). "Seismotectonic database of Turkey." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16: 3277-3316.

Emre, Ö., et al. (2018). "Active fault database of Turkey." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16: 3229-3275.

1:25 000 Scale Basic Active Fault Maps - GIS data available for a fee

References for Emre et al (2018) Fig 1 (Active Fault Map of the Eastern Mediterranean)

  • Faults in Turkey are from Emre et al. (2013)
  • Faults in the south and east are simplified from Garfunkel (2014), Hessami et al. (2003) and Gudjabidze (2003)
  • Faults in Aegean and Balkans are from Burchfiel et al. (2006), Caputo et al. (2012, 2015), Woessner et al. (2015)
  • Faults in Mediterranean are re-evaluated from Angelier et al. (1982) and Papazachos and Papaioannou (1999)
  • Faults in Black Sea are re-evaluated from Şengör et al. (1985) and Barka and Reilinger (1997)
  • Neotectonic Provence modified from Şengör (1980) and Koçyiğit and Özacar (2003)
  • For the other details of the faults in Turkey see Fig. 3.
References for Duman et al (2018) Fig 2 (Active Fault Map of the Eastern Mediterranean)
  • Faults in Turkey are from Emre et al. (2013)
  • Faults in the south and east are simplified from Hessami et al. (2003) and Gudjabidze (2003)
  • Faults in Aegean and Balkans are from Burchfiel et al. (2006), Caputo et al. (2012, 2015), Woessner et al. (2015), Garfunkel et al. (2014).
  • Faults in Mediterranean are re-evaluated from Angelier et al. (1982) and Papazachos and Papaioannou (1999)
  • Faults in Black Sea are re-evaluated from Şengör et al. (1985) and Barka and Reilinger (1997)
  • Neotectonic Provence modified from Şengör (1980)
Akyuz, H. S., et al. (2006). "Historical earthquake activity of the northern part of the Dead Sea Fault Zone, southern Turkey." Tectonophysics 426(3–4): 281-293.

Meghraoui, M. (2015). Paleoseismic History of the Dead Sea Fault Zone. Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. M. Beer, I. A. Kougioumtzoglou, E. Patelli and I. S.-K. Au. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 1-20.

Active Fault Map Quadrangles - Big Detailed Maps - click on map to open

Maps of Turkey - MTA

Güvercin, S. E., et al. (2022). "Active Seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault." Geophysical Journal International.

Notes

Bitlis Suture Info - find and upload images and then sort - add DEMS to arcgis pro

1

2

1

4

add image reference table to geoscience refs - incl this on tectonic geomorphology

Fault Maps - Entire Transform

Description Image Source
Entire DST Fig 3 - Meghraoui (2015)
Quaternary Fault Map Fig 7 - Sharon et al (2020)
Tectonic sketch map Fig 1 - Karcz (2004)
Dead Sea Fault Segments + Seismicity Fig 25.1 - Abou Karaki et al. (2022)

Reference Images

Description Image Source
Common Geologic Map Symbols Fig. 4-54 - Introduction to Physical Geology (miracosta.edu)
Reverse and Thrust Faults Figure 10.3.4 - A Practical Guide to Introductory Geology
by Siobhan McGoldrick

Earthquake Related

Charts and Illustrations

Charts
Description Image Source
Earthquake Archeological Effects Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)
Environmental Effects (ESI 2007)
Simple MMI Intensity Scale
More Subjective MMI Intensity Scale
ESI-2007 Intensity Scale
Intensity vs. PGA Abdelmonem (2014)
Focal Mechanisms Focal Mechanisms - Wikipedia
Focal Mechanisms vs. Fault Type Focal Mechanisms - Wikipedia
Development of Beach Ball Focal Mechanisms - Wikipedia

Intensity Scales

Scale Description Reference(s)
MMI The MMI scale estimates the intensity of an earthquake by considering its effects on people, objects, buildings and environment on a specific locality. (anonymous reviewer of JW's Mid 8th century Earthquakes article - probably Emmanuela Guidoboni)
MSK
EMS
INQUA (ESI- 2007) The Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI07) is only based on the local effects triggered by the earthquake in the natural environment (Michetti et al. 2007). (anonymous reviewer of JW's Mid 8th century Earthquakes article - probably Emmanuela Guidoboni)

References

DST Geomechanics

DST Geomechanics

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Seismology

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Seismology

Software

Software

Geology and Geophysics

References

Dating

References

Local Geology

References

Palynology

References
Sample Calculator for Palynology

  • 1500 grains needed per layer for good statistics
  • Suzanne Leroy appears to get 1500 grains in 1-2 grams of Dead Sea Mud Layers
  • Sediment Density of 2.2 g/cc is assumed - will be replaced with a measurement
Variable Input Units Notes
g
g/cm3
cm. choose minimum
Variable Output Units Notes
cm3 necessary sample volume
cm. Required Minimum Sample Dimension
cm. Required Minimum Sample Dimension
g Calculation Check
  

Journals

Journals

Journal Submissions

Open Access Journals
Other Journals which are not yet open access
Other Journals - unsure if appropriate for Historical Earthquake research

Journal of Seismology - hybrid

Geophysical Journal International - fully open access as of Jan. 2024

Pure and Applied Geophysics - hybrid

Tectonophysics - "supports open access"

Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth) - publication policies here

Geologic Surveys

Geologic, Geophysical, and Geographic Surveys of various countries

Mobile Apps

Mobile Apps for Geoscientists

Other

References
Solvers and Calculators

Seismite Formation

Seismite Formation - Dead Sea Seismites

Lunar Trigger

Lunar/Celestial Trigger

Wikipedia page for Tidal Triggering of Earthquakes



Ofer Hoffman Proposal

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  • Data Analysis and Graphs from Tal Hofman
  • Writeup by Ofer Hofman with some editorial assistance from Jefferson Williams
  • Physics Consulting from Dr. Eyal Preter