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The Maronite Chronicle records that the Monastery of John the Baptist (Mār John, Qasr al-Yehud) was destroyed by one of the Jordan Valley Quakes of 659/660 CE, stating that “every stone above the ground was overthrown, together with the entire monastery.” Writing more than five centuries later, John Phokas reported in his Concise Description of the Holy Places that the Monastery of the Forerunner of Chrysostom near the Jordan River had been “levelled with the ground by an earthquake” and subsequently rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Manuel Comnenus Porphyrogenitus in the twelfth century CE. Although Phokas does not identify the causative event, the Jordan Valley Quakes of 659/660 CE, the mid-8th-century Sabbatical Year Earthquakes, and the 11th-century Palestine Quakes of 1033/1034 CE all remain plausible candidates for the destruction he described.

By Jefferson Williams