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Chronicle by Michael the Syrian

Background and Biography
Background and Biography

Excerpts
English from Harrak (2019)

(3) In the year 1450 (AD 1139), in First Tifrin (October), a sign, something red, was seen in the sky in the north. In the same month, a tremor took place and destroyed the towers of Bizacah. In Aleppo, the winter was very severe from the beginning First Kantin (December) until S that (February). The Euphrates turned into ice and people began to cross on it by foot. Animals and birds of the steppe and domestic entirely perished. In the steppe, near Callinicum, while forty men were taking a road, the earth split and swallowed them, except for one who strayed to urinate [626]. The bellowing of the men and their horses was coming up for a long time.

Also Tarib592 was also overturned in this tremor and the Church of Harim collapsed. The village of Azrab, which is on the border of the Mountain of Cyrus, was split in the middle, and when its inhabitants left it, it collapsed in its entirety.

Lack of rain took place in this year until the middle of Iyyor (May), and then, when rain fell, the crop was late. On Pentecost Sunday, a violent lightning took place and killed two women in Melitene, one on the roof and another in the middle of the market. Also, two storks were killed in the ninth hour. In the night of the 22nd of Hziron (June), two red lances appeared in the northern side, shooting and moving toward the west.

In the year 1452 (AD 1141), in First Tirrin (October), on the 29th in it, a tremor took place, and on the 10th of it, an eclipse of the moon occurred. Pestilence befell Melitene, first among the birds; the chicken perished, and after them the children died from chicken pox, I mean karyo.593

In the month of Iyyor (May), in the feast of Mar-Barsawmo, violent hailstones fell [627] in Enzite and Hisn-Ziyad that broke trees and vineyard. On that same day, lightning burned a boy and a mule. In Hziron (June) of the same year, violent wind blew and uprooted the rest of the trees. In the region of Melitene, two towers in villages collapsed by the same wind. In the same month, a tremor occurred in the seashore. In Cilicia, a small city called Kaling and many other places in that region, as well as on the entire seashore (collapsed).
Footnotes

592 Probably Atarib near Aleppo.

593 The translation "chicken pox" is based on the Arabic version: [Arabic text?] "in the sickness of chicken pox;" Chabot, Michel, III, p. 251 n. 6. The following synonym is unsecure; could it be a shortened form of Chicken pox in colloquial Arabic "kharyan," [Arabic text]?

English from Chabot (1899-1910)

In the year 1450, in the month of Tesrin I (Oct.), a red sign was seen in the sky, in the northern part. — In the same month, there was an earthquake and towers were destroyed in Biza'ah and Aleppo.

There was a harsh winter, from Kanun I (Dec.) to Sebat (Feb.). The Euphrates froze and people began to cross on foot. Wild and domestic animals and birds perished.

In the desert7, near Callinice, forty men were traveling: the earth opened and swallowed them all; only one remained who had turned aside to urinate; [623] the voice of the groans of these men and their mounts was heard for a long time.

Atharib(?)1 was again overthrown in this earthquake; the church2 of Harim also collapsed. Azrab3 a village situated on the confines of the mountain of Quros, opened up in the middle, and when the inhabitants had come out it collapsed entirely.

There was a shortage of rain in this year, until the full moon of 'iyar (May); then, when the rain came, there was a late harvest.

On Pentecost Sunday, there was a violent storm that killed two women in Melitèn: one on a terrace and the other in the middle of the street, and two storks.

At the ninth hour and on the night of the 22nd of haziran4 (June), red spears were seen in the northern region; they directed their blows and marched towards the West.

In the year 1452, in the month of tesrin Ist (Oct.), on the 29th, there was an earthquake; and on the 10th5, there was an eclipse of the moon. The plague broke out in Melitene, first among the birds: the chickens perished; and then among the young children who died of smallpox, that is to say of ..... 6.
Footnotes

7 In 1451 according to Barhébréus.

1. The ms. and the ar. vers. bear [Syriac text] it should perhaps read [Syriac text], Atharib (?)

2. Read: [Syriac text] instead of [Syriac text]; ar. vers.: [Syriac text].

3, Sic ar. vers.: [Syriac text].

4. [Syriac text].

5. Sic ms. and ar. vers.,

6. The last Syriac word was not translated by the Arabic which simply bears; [Syriac text]

English from Guidoboni and Comastri (2005)

"In the year fourteen hundred and fifty (of the Greeks, 1138-1139), in the month of Tishrin I (= October) ... in the same month there was an earthquake, and the towers were destroyed in Biza`ah and Aleppo".

"And in the desert near Qaliniqos [Callinicus], as forty men were walking on the road, the earth opened and swallowed them all. One survived, for he had turned aside to urinate. The sound of the groaning of the people and their horses rose for a long time. Atharib was also destroyed once again in this earthquake, and the church of Harim collapsed. And also Azrab, a village close to Mount Quros, was torn open in the centre, and when the inhabitants left, it collapsed completely. There was drought in this year until the full moon of Iyyar (= March); so when the rain came, there was a late harvest".

English from Ambraseys (2009)

In the year 1450, in the month of prior Teˇsrin [October], a red sign was seen in the sky, in the northern part. The same month there was an earthquake and towers were destroyed at Biza’ah and Aleppo. [Severe winter from Kanun I (December) to Sˇebat (February). Euphrates freezes, animals die.] In the desert near Callinice [Raqqa], forty men were on a journey. The earth opened and swallowed up all of them: the only survivor was one who had gone aside to relieve himself.

‘Atharib was overthrown again in this earthquake; the church of Harim collapsed as well. Azrab, a village situated on the borders of the Kurus mountains, opened up in the middle, and when the inhabitants went out it collapsed totally.’ (Mich. Syr. xvi. 9/iii. 250f.).

French from Chabot (1899-1910)

En l'an 1450, au mois de tésrîn Ier (oct.), on vit dans le ciel un signe rouge, dans la partie septentrionale. — Le même mois, il y eut un tremblement de terre et des tours furent détruites à Biza'ah et à Alep.

Il y eut un hiver rigoureux, depuis kanoun Ier (déc) jusqu'à sébat (févr.). L'Euphrate gela et on commença a passer à pied. Les animaux et les oiseaux sauvages et domestiques périrent.

Dans le désert7, près de Callinice, quarante hommes faisaient route: la terre s'ouvrit et les engloutit tous; il n'en resta qu^un qui s'était détourné pour uriner; [623] on entendit pendant assez longtemps la voix des gémissements de ces hommes et de leurs montures.

Atharib(?)1 fut de nouveau renversée dans ce tremblement de terre; l'église2 de Harim s'écroula aussi. Azrab3 village situé sur les confins de la montagne de Qouros, s'entr'ouvrit par le milieu, et quand les habitants furent sortis il s'effondra entièrement.

Il y eut disette de pluie en cette année, jusqu'à la pleine lune de 'iyar (mai); ensuite, quand la pluie survint, il y eut une récolte tardive.

Le dimanche de la Pentecôte, il y eut un violent orage qui tua deux femmes à Mélitèn : l'une sur une terrasse et l'autre au milieu de la rue, et deux cigognes.

A la neuvième heure et dans la nuit du 22 de haziran4 (juin), on vit des lances rouges dans la région septentrionale; elles dirigeaient leurs coups et marchaient vers l'Occident.

En l'an 1452, au mois de tésrin Ier (oct.), le 29, il y eut un tremblement de terre; et le 105, il y eut une éclipse de lune. La peste survint à Mélitène, tout d'abord parmi les volatiles: les poules périrent; et ensuite parmi les enfants en bas âge qui mouraient de la petite vérole, c'est-à-dire de ..... 6.
Footnotes

7 En 1451 selon Barhébréus.

1. Le ms. et la vers. ar. portent [Syriac text] il faut peut-être lire [Syriac text], Atharib (?)

2. Lire : [Syriac text] au lieu de [Syriac text]; vers. ar. : [Syriac text].

3, Sic vers. ar. : [Syriac text].

4. [Syriac text].

5. Sic ms. et vers ar,

6. Le dernier mot syriaque n'a pas été traduit ipar l'arabe qui porte simplement ; [Syriac text]

Syriac from Guidoboni and Comastri (2005)

Michael the Syrian

1138 October 11 — 1139 June

Guidoboni and Comastri (2005)


Michael the Syrian

1138 October 11 — 1139 June

Guidoboni and Comastri (2005)

French from Chabot (1899-1910) - embedded



Syriac from Chabot (1899-1910) - embedded

  • bookmarked to page 695
  • hand copied manuscript which shows some of the original layout
  • appears to be the manuscript which was written for Chabot between 1897 and 1899 CE in Edessa
  • ordered right to left
  • from Chabot (1899-1910)
  • from archive.org


Chronology
October 1138 CE Earthquake
Date Reference Corrections Notes
October 1138 CE In the year A.G.1450, in the month of Tesrin I ... in the same month, there was an earthquake none
29 October 1140 CE Earthquake
Date Reference Corrections Notes
29 October 1140 CE In the year A.G.1452, in the month of tesrin Ist, on the 29th, there was an earthquake; and on the 10th, there was an eclipse of the moon none
Seismic Effects

October 1138 CE Earthquake
  • there was an earthquake and towers were destroyed in Biza'ah and Aleppo - Harrak's (2019:200) translation does not include Aleppo
  • In the desert, near Callinice, forty men were traveling: the earth opened and swallowed them all; only one remained who had turned aside to urinate; the voice of the groans of these men and their mounts was heard for a long time.
  • Atharib(?) was again overthrown in this earthquake; the church of Harim also collapsed. Azrab a village situated on the confines of the mountain of Quros, opened up in the middle, and when the inhabitants had come out it collapsed entirely.
29 October 1140 CE Earthquake
  • there was an earthquake
Locations

October 1138 CE Earthquake 29 October 1140 CE Earthquake
  • none specified
Sources
Sources

Online Versions and Further Reading
References