Text (with hotlink) | Original Language | >Biographical Info | Religion | Date of Composition | Location Composed | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ibn al-Qalanisi | Arabic |
Biography
|
Muslim | 12th century CE | Damascus | In Ibn al-Qalanisi's account, second hand information from someone from Jerusalem relates that the tombs of the patriarchs were "discovered" in A.H. 513 (14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE). There is no mention of cave or tomb collapse. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, though long dead (perhaps up to 3000 years dead), "miraculously" appear as if they were living with no bodily decay. Lamps of gold and silver were reported to have been found suspended over them. The graves were then reported to have been restored to their former condition. |
Ibn al-Athir | Arabic |
Biography
|
Sunni Muslim | ~ 1200 - 1231 CE | Mosul | Ibn al-Athir relates that in A.H. 513 (14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE), the tomb of Abraham was opened and his corpse was found along with that of Isaac and Jacob. How the tomb/cave was opened was not specified. Body parts of the corpses were described as undisturbed and lamps of gold and silver were placed next to the bodies. |
Ali of Herat quoted by Yaqut | Arabic |
Ali of Herat
Yaqut
|
Muslim | Ali of Herat - before 1215 CE - possibly in 1173 CE (according to wikipedia) Yaqut - between 1224 and 1228 CE |
Mosul, Alexandria, and Aleppo | Ali of Herat as quoted by Yaqut states that in A.H. 513
(14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE), a certain part over the Cave of Abraham had given wayor collapsed after which several Crusaders entered and discovered the bodies of the biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. As the story goes, King Baldwin II supplied new shrouds to the corpses of the patriarchs and closed up the cave. The cause of the cave "giving way" or collapsing was not specified. The story was relayed to Ali by some Sheikhs he met in Jerusalem and Hebron. |
Article by Kohler (1896) | French | n/a | n/a | 1896 CE |
|
|
Text (with hotlink) | Original Language | Biographical Info | Religion | Date of Composition | Location Composed | Notes |
Aliases | Arabic |
---|---|
Ibn al-Qalanisi | |
Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamzah ibn al-Asad ibn al-Qalānisī | ابو يعلى حمزة ابن الاسد ابن القلانسي |
A.H. 513
In this year also some who came from Jerusalem
In this year also some who came from Jerusalem
Year | Reference | Corrections | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE | A.H. 513 | none | Calculated using CHRONOS. |
the graves were then restored to their former condition
Aliases | Arabic |
---|---|
Ibn al-Athir | |
Ali 'Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari | علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري |
Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ash-Shaybani |
In confirmation of 'Ali's account of the opening of the Cave of Machpelah, the following note is to be found in Ibn al Athir's Chronicle under the year 513 (1119), that is, in the very year mentioned by 'Ali :
In this year was opened the tomb of Abraham, and those of his two sons Isaac and Jacob, at a place near the Holy City. Many people saw the Patriarchs. Their limbs had nowise been disturbed, and beside them were placed lamps of gold and of silver.*
* All the extant notices of visits to the sepulchres of the Patriarchs of Hebron are brought together and discussed by Comte Riant, in a paper in vol. ii., p. 411, of the Archives de l'Orient Latin, 1884. On Hebron in general, the note given by M. Quatremere in the Appendix (p. 239) in vol. i., part 2, of his Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks (one of the most useful of the Oriental Translation Fund publications), may with advantage be consulted.
"In this year was opened the tomb of Abraham
Year | Reference | Corrections | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE | A.H. 513 | none | Calculated using CHRONOS. |
In this year was opened the tomb of Abraham, and those of his two sons Isaac and Jacob
Aliases | Arabic |
---|---|
Yaqut | |
Yaqut al-Hamawi | |
Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn[1] ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī | ياقوت الحموي الرومي |
Aliases | Arabic |
---|---|
Ali of Herat | |
Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Harawi | |
Abu al-Hasan |
Ali of Herat, writing in 1173, fifteen years before Hebron was retaken by Saladin, gives the following account of what he himself saw at Hebron some years before, while the town was still in the hands of the Crusaders. 'Ali's account has been copied by Yakut (Yak., ii. 468) ; the present translation is made from the text of the Oxford Manuscript of 'Ali's work (folios 43-45).
... And I, 'Ali of Herat — may Allah pardon me my sins ! — do relate the following of my own experience :
I went to Jerusalem in the year 567 (1172), and both there and at Hebron I made the acquaintance of certain Shaikhs, who informed me that [in the year 513 (1119)]* during the reign of King Bardawil (Baldwin II.) a certain part over the Cave of Abraham had given way, and that a number of the Franks had, by the King's permission, made their entrance therein. And they discovered (the bodies of) Abraham and Isaac and Jacob— peace be upon them ! — their shrouds having fallen to pieces, lying propped up against a wall. Over each of their heads were napkins [or lamps], and their heads were uncovered. Then the King, after providing new shrouds, caused the place to be closed once more. And this was in the year 513 (1119).
* The words in square brackets [ ] are inserted from Yakut's text, and are not found in the Oxford MS.
“I went to Jerusalem in the year 567 and I met some Mashaykh of the city of Khalil who told me that in 513, the day of King Baldwin, there was a collapse in the caves of Khalil. A group of Franks had gone in there and they had found inside Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, peace be on them, clad in used shrouds; they were leaning against the wall and above them there were lamps; they were bare-headed. The king replaced their shrouds and left the cave. ‘Abu Ya’ila al-Qalanisi gives the same report (Dhayl 202).”.’ (Yaqut, Mu’jam 2/468)
"And I, 'Ali of Herat —
Year | Reference | Corrections | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE | A.H. 513 | none | Calculated using CHRONOS. |
a certain part over the Cave of Abraham had given way
there was a collapse in the caves of Khalil
2s. For the accounts of these two authors, see. Arch. gold. latin, t. I, p. 606; t. 1I, i, pp. 412-414.
1t. Acta Sanctorum, Oct. 117, pp. 688-691.
2t. Acad. of Reg. and B.-L., Proceedings, 1883 (26 Jan.), pp. 2G-35. — Arch. gold. latin, t. II, 1, pp. 411-421; 11, II, pp. 512-513.
3t. Pp. 302-314.
4t. M. H. Guthe (Die Untersuchung des Patriarchengrabes in Hebron, im Jahre 1119 [Zeitschr. d. deutschen Paliestina Vereins, 1894, t. XVII, pp. 238-250])
has shown that the substructures of the sanctuary of Hebron date back at most to the Byzantine period and that the indications furnished by the relation
mss. of Leiden and Tournai, on the tombs and their contents, could hardly be applied except to Christian burials.
1u. The author of the catalog in-4a of this library, M. I'aranne, neglected to indicate this piece (Catal. général des mss. des biblioth. des
departments, t. IV, published in 1872, p. 491). It was reported for the first time by M. H. °mont, in the catalog in-80, t. X, p. 59 (Paris, Pawn, 1889),
with the following mention: “it is an older and more complete text than that which Count P. Riant has analysed, according to the ms. Voss. lat. 40, No. 125,
of Leiden, in the Archives of the Latin East, t. He, t, p. 411." The piece appears, in the manuscript, between a collection of homilies and a copy of the Annales de
Flodoard, and it is separated from one and the other of these texts only by simple rubrics (title of the Invention and title of the Annales),
attached without paragraph or blank to the pieces that precede them.
2u. M. Riant took him for a canon of Hebron, but without saying on what he founded this opinion. Ours is based on the following two arguments:
1° the narrator, speaking of the priory of Hebron, always expresses himself in an impersonal and detached way which does not allow us to suppose that there is clemeuràt
and considered him his own; 20 Addressing the Hebron community, he says
Fratres karissimi qui Cariat-Arbe estis. »
1v. “Quorum [patriarcharutn] nos translacionis sacra celebrantes sollempnia, aci ea quo precessere gaudia corum nos perdcant suffragia,
performing domino Jliesu Christo cui honor and gloria in eternum and ultra. Amen. »
1w. 11 is a note on the pilgrimage of Count Rodolphe de Pfilllendorf, attorney of the Abbey of Saint-Gall, who, in 1180, went to Hebron
and obtained relics of the three patriarchs. The notice was written in the margin of a manuscript of the Casus S. Galli, in the year 1180 (Mon. Gernz. Script.,
t. He, p. 71). It says: “Ille auteur [horns]...ad quoddam cenobium perrexit, quod Acl S. Abbra-“ham nominatur, illicque decein marcas auri
obtulit, deine pro cantata reli-“quias petit. Illi, honorifice eum tractare volentes, duxerunt eum ad allure.
pubticum quod in honore patriarcharum erat consecratum, et, altare aperientes, dovote sihi reliquias Abralie, et Ysaac, et Jacot) ostendernnt,
et, quia 'liourn reliquias supra modum petit, licet renitendo, tamen ei particulas ex 'ipsis dederunt. — By this allure publicum, it is necessary without
doubt to hear an altar built in the outer church and not in the crypt. It is probable however that one had placed in this furnace bridge only
fragments of the three bodies, the greater part having been reintegrated into the crypt. Cf. the reports of the visits made to Hebron, by Benjamin
of Tudela (between 1160 and 11'73) and Rabbi Petachja (between 1175 and 1180), who both attest to the existence of burials in the part
underground of the building (H. Guthe, art. quoted, pp. 216-217, where there is a German version of the accounts of these two travelers on their visit to Hebron).
1x. In the same order of arguments, it would perhaps be appropriate to invoke a discrepancy - hypothetical moreover - between the two accounts as to
on the year date of the invention. The report of Avranches indicates the year 1120. That of Leyde-Tournai says that the thing took place the 21st year of the reign
of the Franks in Palestine, which would correspond to the year 1119, if the author took his period of 21 years from the beginning (January 1 or Easter)
of the year 1099 and not of the very date of the election of Godfrey of Bouillon (July 23, 1099). She would find herself in agreement in this case with the
Arab historians fixing the discovery in the year 513 of the Hegira. However, as the discrepancy in question may come, if need be, from a
faulty interpretation, by one of the relations, of the chronological data provided by the other, I refrain from taking it into account.
1y. Benjamin of Tudela, /oc. cit.; — Rabbi Petachja, loc. cit.; - A1y el Herewy, Indications having for object the knowledge of the leagues of pilgrimage
(excerpts translated by M. Ch. Schefer, in the Arch. de l'Or. lat., t. I, p. 606). 'en-dorf
in Hebron, can also be invoked in this regard. — It has been assumed that the canons of Hebron must not have been certain of the respective identity of the three
body, because in the donations, made later, of fragments of these relics, the three patriarchs always appear together (Arch. de l'Or.
lat., t. II, ii, p. 512). But this deduction is by no means rigorous; because, first of all, it may well be that we used to designate
together the relics as forming a block, of which a single fragment represented the whole; then, even supposing that we have always given a parcel of the three
body, it would come rather, in my opinion, from some theological or religious conception. preventing them from being separated. Be that as it may, the rest, de
this question, the divergence of the two accounts with regard to the burial of the bodies loses none of its significance for the special point which concerns us.
2y. It is easy, by reading some accounts of inventions and translations, to notice the care with which the diaries are marked there. An example of
arbitrary fixing, the real date being unknown, is furnished to us by the account of the translation to Genoa of the relics of S. John the Baptist (May 6, 1098). see
Hist. occl. of the crus., t. V, p. 229.
1z. Pp. 561 to 564 and 565 to 568.
2z. Pp. 295 to 298 and 317 to 320.
3z. See. what is said in the preface to vol. V of Hist. west. believers
sades, pp. LIV-LIx.
4z. Here is the text of this addition: “VI oct., in Juda3a, civitate Ebron
metropoli, depositio SS. pgriarcharum, Abrahœ, Isaac and Jacob; quorum cor 'pora, in eadem ecclesia,
in spelunca duplici, divines revelatione inventa sunt xi a latinis canonicis ejusdem ecclesiae, anno Domini MCXX”
(Martyrologium Usuardi monachi..., opera et studio J. B. Sollerii; Antverpiœ 1714, in-fol., p. 582; cf. AA. SS. Boit.,
June, t. VI, 2nd ed., p. 526; Oct. 4. IV, 1st ed:, p. 691).
2s. Pour les récits de ces deux auteurs, voy. Arch. de l'Or. latin, t. I, p. 606 ; t. 1I, i, pp. 412-414.
1t. Acta Sanctorum, oct. 117, pp. 688-691.
2t. Acad. des Inscr. et B.-L., Comptes rendus, 1883 (26 janv.), pp. 2G-35. — Arch. de l'Or. latin, t. II, 1, pp. 411-421; 11, Ii, pp. 512-513.
3t. Pp. 302-314.
4t. M. H. Guthe (Die Untersuchung des Patriarchengrabes in Hebron, im Jahre 1119 [Zeitschr. d. deutschen Paliestina Vereins, 1894, t. XVII, pp. 238-250])
a montré que les substructions du sanctuaire d'Hébron remontaient tout au plus à l'époque byzantine et que .les indications fournies par la relation
des mss. de Leyde et de Tournai, sur les tombeaux et leur contenu, ne pou¬vaient guère s'appliquer qu'à des sépultures chrétiennes.
1u. L'auteur du catalogue in-4a de cette bibliothèque, M. i'aranne, a négligé d'indiquer cette pièce (Catal. général des mss. des biblioth. des
départements, t. IV, paru en 1872, p. 491). Elle a été signalée pour la première fois par M. H. °mont, dans le catalogue in-80, t. X, p. 59 (Paris, Pion, 1889),
avec la mention suivante : « c'est un texte plus ancien et plus complet que celui que M. le comte P. Riant a analysé, d'après le ms. Voss. lat. 40, n° 125,
de Leyde, dans les Archives de l'Orient latin, t. Il, t, p. 411. » La pièce figure, dans le ma¬nuscrit, entre un recueil d'homélies et une copie des Annales de
Flodoard, et elle n'est séparée de l'un et de l'autre de ces textes que par de simples ru-briques (titre de l'Invention et titre des Annales),
accolées sans alinéa ni blanc aux morceaux qui les précèdent.
2u. M. Riant le tenait pour un chanoine d'Hébron, mais sans dire sur quoi il fondait cette opinion. La nôtre s'appuie sur les deux arguments suivants :
1° le narrateur, en parlant du prieuré d'Hébron, s'exprime toujours d'une façon impersonnelle et détachée ne permettant pas de supposer qu'il y clemeuràt
et le considéràt comme sien ; 20 en s'adressant à la communauté d'Hébron, il dit
Fratres karissimi qui Cariat-Arbe estis. »
1v. « Quorum [patriarcharutn] nos translacionis sacra celebrantes sollempnia, aci ea quo precessere gaudia corum nos perducant suffragia,
prestante domino Jliesu Christo cui honor et gloria in eternum et ultra. Amen. »
1w. 11 s'agit d'une notice sur le pèlerinage du comte Rodolphe de Pfilllendorf, avoué de l'abbaye de Saint-Gall, qui, en 1180, se rendit à Hébron
et obtint des reliques des trois patriarches. La notice a été écrite en marge d'un manuscrit des Casus S. Galli, à l'année 1180 (Mon. Gernz. Script.,
t. Il, p. 71). 11 y est dit : « Ille auteur [cornes]... ad quoddam cenobium perrexit, quod Acl S. Abbra-« ham nominatur, illicque decein marcas auri
obtulit, deine pro cantate reli-« quias petiit. Illi, honorifice eum tractare volentes, duxerunt eum ad allure.
pubticum quod in honore patriarcharum erat consecratum, et, altare ape-« rientes, dovote sihi reliquias Abralie, et Ysaac, et Jacot) ostendernnt,
et, quia « liorurn reliquias supra modum petiit, licet renitendo, tamen ei particulas ex « ipsis dederunt. » — Par cet allure publicum, il faut sans
doute entendre un autel construit clans l'église extérieure et non dans la crypte. Il est probable toutefois qu'on n'avait placé dans cet autel que
des fragments des trois corps, la plus grande partie ayant été réintégrée dans la crypte. Cf. les relations des visites faites à Hébron, par Benjamin
de Tudèle (entre 1160 et 11'73) et rabbi Petachja (entre 1175 et 1180), qui l'un et l'autre attestent l'existence des sépul¬tures dans la partie
souterraine de l'édifice (H. Guthe, art. cité, pp. 216-217, où se trouve une version allemande des récits de ces deux voyageurs sur leur visite à Hébron).
1x. Dans le .même ordre d'arguments, il ,y aurait lieu peut-être d'invoquer une discordance — hypothétique d'ailleurs — entre les deux récits quant
à la date d'année de l'invention. La relation d'Avranches indique l'année 1120. Celle de Leyde-Tournai dit que la chose eut lieu la 21e année du règne
des Francs en Palestine, ce qui correspondrait à l'année 1119, si l'auteur a fait par-tir sa période de 21 ans du commencement (ler janvier ou Pâques)
de l'ann-;e 1099 et non de la date môme de l'élection de Godefroy de Bouillon (23 juillet 1099). Elle se trouverait d'accord dans ce cas avec les
historiens arabes fixant la découverte à l'année 513 de l'hégire. Cependant, comme la discordance en question peut provenir à la rigueur d'une
interprétation fautive, par l'une des relations, de la donnée chronologique fournie par l'autre, je m'abstiens de la faire entrer en ligne de compte.
1y. Benjamin de Tudèle, /oc. cit.; — Rabbi Petachja, loc. cit.; - A1y el Herewy, Indications ayant pour objet la connaissance des lieue de pèlerinage
(extraits traduits par M. Ch. Schefer, dans les Arch. de l'Or. lat., t. I, p. 606}. — Le passage, cité ci-dessus, touchant la'visite du comte de 14i:d'en-dorf
à Hébron, peut également être invoqué à cet égard. — On a supposé que les chanoines d'Hébron ne devaient pas être certains de l'identité respective des trois
corps, parce que, dans les donations, faites .postérieurement, de fragments de ces reliques, les trois patriarches figurent toujours ensemble (Arch. de l'Or.
lat., t. II, ii, p. 512). Mais cette déduction n'est nullement rigou¬reuse ; car, tout d'abord, il se peut parfaitement qu'on ait eu l'habitude de désigner
ensemble les reliques comme formant un bloc, dont un seul frag¬ment représentait le tout; puis, à supposer même qu'on ait toujours donné une parcelle des trois
corps, cela proviendrait plutôt, à mon avis, de quelque conception théologique ou religieuse. interdisant de les séparer. Quoi qu'il en soit, au reste, dé
cette question, la divergence des deux récits en ce qui con-cerne la sépulture des corps ne perd rien de sa signification pour le point spécial qui nous occupe.
2y. Il est facile, en lisant quelques récits d'inventions et de translations, de constater le soin avec lequel les dates diaires y sont marquées. Un exemple de
fixation arbitraire, la date réelle étant inconnue, nous est fourni par le récit de la translation à Gênes des reliques de S. Jean-Baptiste (6 mai 1098). Cf.
Hist. occicl. des crois., t. V, p. 229.
1z. Pp. 561 à 564 et 565 à 568.
2z. Pp. 295 à 298 et 317 à 320.
3z. Voy. ce qui en est dit dans la préface du t. V des Hist. occid. des croi-
sades, pp. LIV-LIx.
4z. Voici le texte de cette addition : « VI oct., in Juda3a, civitate Ebron
metropoli, depositio SS. pgriarcharum, Abrahœ, Isaac et Jacob; quorum cor « pora, in eadem ecclesia,
in spelunca duplici, divines revelatione inventa sunt xi a latinis canonicis ejusdem ecclesiœ, anno Domini MCXX »
(Martyrologium Usuardi monachi..., opera et studio J. B. Sollerii; Antverpiœ 1714, in-fol., p. 582; cf. AA. SS. Boit.,
juin, t. VI, 2e éd., p. 526 ; oct. 4. IV, ire éd:, p. 691).
1. Ce titre est de nous; il ne figure pas clans le manuscrit.
2. Ms. : « obrumbrantia ».
3. Ms. : c= quociens ».
4. Le ms. portait originairement « collit » ; , mais le premier 1 a été ex-ponctué.
5. Sic.
6. Ms. : « maniste ».
1b. Sic.
2b. Ms. : « inspectis que a perfectis optaverat exhilaratus... »
3b. Sic.
4b. Sic.
1c. Ms. : « intra ».
2c. Sic.
3c. Ms. : Eorumdumque ».
1d. Ms. : « tacitus ».
2d. Peut-être faut-il lire : «.aut » ; il semble en effet que le scribe ait voulu rajouter un a avant le u.
3d. Ms.: « ad h. .» ; peut-être faut-il lire : adhuc.
4d. : « contumuliosos »,
5d. (c Ab excusatore » ou « excusatorius » serait préférable; l'auteur, en effet,
• dans cette phrase un peu contournée, veut dire probablement ceci : « Quel langage,
sinon celui de l'ignorance, pourrait être tenu à celui qui viendrait contempler la
prétendue découverte par le révélateur cherchant à excuser sa déconvenue? »
1e. Le manuscrit portait originairement. abissernt ; il semble
qu'une seconde main ait voulu séparer ce mot ainsi : « a bis sem' »,
dans l'idée qu'il fallait lire : » a bis semel ». Je crois qu'il vaut
mieux faire une correction plus com¬plète et supposer que le texte primitif
poitait : « ab lis omnibus ».
2e. Ms. : cc intuens ».
3e. Sic.
4e. Sic, sans doute pour : u arctus ».
5e. Ms. « flagrantia ».
1f. Corrigé postérieurement en « dictavit », ce qui ne donnerait aucun sens.
2f. Il faudrait « delata », comme, au-dessus, « prenotata ». Peut-être l'auteur
a-t-il écrit intentionnellement « delato » pour faire voir sa connaissance du
double genre du mot dies.
3f. Peut-être faut-il lire : procurantur.
Year | Reference | Corrections | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
14 April 1119 CE - 1 April 1120 CE | A.H. 513 | none | Calculated using CHRONOS. |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Hebron - Introduction | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Hebron - Tomb of the Patriarchs | possible | Site hasn't been systematically excavated. I am unaware of any archaeoseismic or collapse evidence from around 1119 CE. | |
Location (with hotlink) | Status | Intensity | Notes |
AD 1113 Jul 18 Jerusalem
In Jerusalem and the surrounding area an earthquake
was felt, perhaps quite strongly, since it was feared that
buildings would collapse.
Fulcher of Chartres witnessed two earthquakes in
Jerusalem, the first on the 15th day before the Kalends
of August 1113 = 18 July, and a second on the fifth day
before the Ides of August in the same year (9 August).
At this time the combined Muslim forces had reached
the outskirts of Jerusalem and invasion seemed imminent to the Christians (Fulch. 50/208). Traditionally in
Mediterranean cultures earthquakes have been a bad
omen for an invader, so Fulcher may have included this
as a portent of the Muslims’ withdrawal two months later;
note that most Christian chroniclers of the crusades were
clerics.
The Estoire de Jerusalem et d’Antioche also mentions two earthquakes during the period while the Christians of Jerusalem were expecting a Muslim invasion in
1113. It places the first at midnight and the second at the
third hour (uns a mie nuit, l’autre ` a tierce) ` , which probably
means 9 am, when the Office of Terce would have been
recited. No date is given, however.
The Historia Hierosolymitana places these two
earthquakes at the same time and in the same context as
the above two sources, adding the important details that
‘the people were consumed with fear, frightened lest buildings collapsed’, which suggests that the earthquake was
strongly felt.
Sicard, Bishop of Cremona (died 1215), records
an earthquake in the Kingdom of Jerusalem (in
Hierosolymitano regno) in 1113. This may indicate that
the earthquake was felt over a wider area than the city
of Jerusalem itself, where Fulcher and other writers witnessed it, most of them being chaplains to leading crusaders. Such a mild earthquake is unlikely to have been
felt throughout the whole kingdom, which stretched from
Elim in the south to Galilee in the north; so, if Sicard is
just using ‘Kingdom of Jerusalem’ as a commonplace, this
earthquake may have been felt for a radius of a few miles
around Jerusalem.
Notes
Meanwhile we twice felt an earthquake, to wit, on the 15th day before the Kalends of August and again on the 5th day before the Ides of the same month: the first time at midnight, the second time at the third hour.(Fulch., Gest. Franc. 50/208f).
(1113) Then there were two earthquakes, one in the middle of the night, and one at the third hour. (Estoire, 645).
(1113) And the sea was rougher than usual, making it impossible to fish on the sea; and the earth was struck twice by a terrible earthquake, and the people were consumed with fear, frightened lest buildings collapsed. (Fulch. Hist. Hier. 571).
‘In A.D. 1113 there was an eclipse and an earthquake occurred in the Kingdom of Jerusalem that year. (Sicard. Cr. 504).
AD 1114 Apr–May Jerusalem
A series of earthquake shocks over two months shook
at least part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which had
already had its crops destroyed by a plague of locusts.
There may have been foreshocks and aftershocks.
This event is mentioned only in the Historia
Hierosolymitana, being placed in April and May of 1114,
after a swarm of locusts. Since it is not mentioned by
Fulcher, whose chronicle covers the period up to 1127, it
is unlikely that it affected Jerusalem. Rather, there was
probably a series of local earthquakes, perhaps in the
north of the kingdom around Lake Galilee.
Notes
In the year 1114 and before a multitude of locusts swarmed from parts of Arabia, the territory of Jerusalem was violently laid waste; in the months of April and May and after (sequenti) it was shaken terribly by an earthquake. (Fulch., Hist. Hier. 572).
AD 1117 Jun 26 Jerusalem
An earthquake occurred, probably in the region of
Jerusalem. It may have caused structural damage.
The principal source for this event is Fulcher, who
places it in 1117 on the sixth day before the Kalends of
July (26 June; Fink actually gives ‘on the sixth day before
the Kalends of June’, which is probably an accidental
error), shortly after an eclipse. Fulcher regards the earthquake as something of a portent, especially insofar as the
eclipse which preceded it did not occur on the expected
date (Fulch. Gest. Franc. LXI/219 and n. 1).
The Historia Hierosolymitana of about 1122 also
records an earthquake on the same date, following a
plague of locusts; it notes that ‘the Buildings were shaken
to ruins’.
Abu’l-Faraj (writing in the thirteenth century)
notes the deaths of ‘thirteen kings’ during (5 May 1117
to 23 April 1118) a.H. 511 and a.S. 1429 (September
1117 to September 1118), including that of the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus (died 15 August 1118,
Grumel 1958, 358). Before these deaths, he says, an earthquake occurred. Of course, it is not certain that Abu’lFaraj is referring to the same event as Fulcher; he could
be alluding to the Constantinople earthquake of 1118
although Fulcher’s earthquake occurred closer to Abu’lFaraj’s main area of interest, which was Syria. See also
Alexandre (1990, 147–154).
Guidoboni and Comastri (2005, 129–130), on the
basis of a garbled Armenian colophon, split this earthquake into one earthquake in Jerusalem and another in
the district of Vaspurakan in Armenia.
Notes
He moreover as He wills causes the earth to tremble and then to be still. This subsequently happened in the same month in the silence of an unseasonable night, on the sixth day before the Kalends of July.(Fulch. Gest. Franc. lxi/220).
(1117) Following the plague of locusts, on 6 Kal. July, there was a most dreadful earthquake, which was a sign that the wrath of God would the quicker be placated. The buildings were shaken to ruins, that the hearts of callous men might be shaken to repent.(Bongars 574).
(a.H. 511 = 1117, a.H. 1429 = 1118) Thirteen kings died within two years. Before they died a violent earthquake took place, and the death of the kings followed soon after it. (These deaths included that of Emperor Alexis)Abu’l-Faraj 281/ 248.)
AD 1118 Constantinople
An earthquake was felt in Constantinople, apparently
rattling the roof-tiles of one house. However, it is not
reported as having caused general concerny.
This event is recorded by Anna Comnena (born
1083, died after 1148) as a sign of the wickedness of the
Bogomil monk Basil. She mentions that the roof-tiles of
his house rattled, but says nothing about wider effects
in the city. This was probably, therefore, one of
Constantinople’s frequently occurring minor tremors.
The date is slightly problematic. The date reference (Ann. Comn. XV. viii. 1/496) prior to this passage
is unfortunately in a lacuna, but, because this earthquake
took place very near the end of the emperor Alexius’s life
(he died on 15 August 1118), it is reasonable to place this
event in 1118.
Notes
When about midnight the monk [Basil] had entered his cell, stones were thrown against it in the manner of a hailstorm. Now the stones fell automatically: they were hurled by no human hand . . . The fall of stones was followed by a sudden earthquake which rocked the ground and the roof-tiles had rattled.(Ann. Comn. XV. viii. 7/499)
[AD 1119 Hebron]
A collapse occurred in the caves of Khalil. The cause is
uncertain.
Yaqut (1178–1229) records that al-Hrawi heard in
a.H. 567 (AD 1171–72) from some inhabitants of Khalil
whom he met in Jerusalem that in a.H. 513 (14 April
1119 to 1 April 1120) there had been a collapse in the
Khalil caves, which is said to have revealed the bodies of
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. These were reportedly seen
by King Baldwin II (who reigned from 1118 to 1131). The
cause of the collapse remains uncertain.
Notes
Al-Hrawi says, “I went to Jerusalem in the year 567 and I met some Mashaykh of the city of Khalil who told me that in 513, the day of King Baldwin, there was a collapse in the caves of Khalil. A group of Franks had gone in there and they had found inside Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, peace be on them, clad in used shrouds; they were leaning against the wall and above them there were lamps; they were bare-headed. The king replaced their shrouds and left the cave. ‘Abu Ya’ila al-Qalanisi gives the same report (Dhayl 202).”.(Yaqut, Mu’jam 2/468)
(050) 1114 August 10 Jerusalem and Palestine ?
EnglishSome 12th century Christian sources, which depend to a considerable degree on the text of Fulk of Chartres, so misread his work that their information about this earthquake on the feast of St.Lawrence is distorted. Thus, in the anonymous Estoire de Jerusalem et d'Antioche, the damage effects which Fulk attributes to the earthquake of 13 November are transferred to that of 10 August, while the chronicler Lisiard of Tours confuses the two events by recording a single earthquake which is supposed to have begun in April and May 1114.
1114. A plague of locusts poured out of Arabia into the territory of Jerusalem and devastated the cultivated fields for many days during the months of April and May. Then, on the feast of St.Lawrence [10 August], there was an earthquake.
Latin
Anno millesimo centesimo decimo quarto, multitudo locustarum infinita ebuliit, a parte Arabiae advolans in terram Iherosolymitanam, quae per dies aliquantos segetes, mense Aprili et Maio, multum vastaverunt. Die deinde festo sancti Laurentii, terrae motus factus est.
(057) 1117 June 26 Scandelion [Lebanon]
1117. [...] The month of June. [...] When He wishes, God causes the earth to shake and then calms it again. That is what happened a little later that month, deep in the silence of the night, on the sixth day before the Calends of July [26 June]. Then the king [Baldwin of Jerusalem] built a fortified place about five miles outside the city of Tyre, and called it Scandelion, which means Field of the Lion, and he repaired the damage and posted guardians there to keep the said place under control
1117. 1...] Quidem mense, qui Iunius erat Deus 1...] qui etiam quando vult terrain facit tremere, et postea quiescere; quod subsequenter accidit in eodem mense noctis intempestae silentio, VU kalendas Iulii.Lisiard of Tours, who depends largely on Fulk of Chartres, records:
Tune edificavit rex quoddam castrum prope urbem Tyrum, intra quintum ab urbe milliarium, quod vocavit Scandalion, et Campum Leonis interpretatum, et resarcivit diruta eius, et posuit in eo custodes ad coercendum urbem predictam.
1117. [...] The plague of locusts was followed, on the sixth day before the Calends of July, by a terrible earthquake, which showed men the need to act rapidly in order to placate the wrath of God. Buildings were so shaken that they collapsed, and so the hard hearts of foolish men were moved to penitence.
Anno M.C.XVII. [...]. Secutus est locustae pestem, sexto kalend. Julii, horribilis nimis terrae motus, iram Dei praemonens citius debere placari. Concutiebantur ad ruinam aedificia, ut dura hominum stolidorum ad poenitentiam concuterentur corda.Tolomeo da Lucca, a Tuscan author who lived from about 1240 to 1327, mistakenly associates this earthquake with the one which occured in the same year in Italy, as well as with the death of Alexius I Comnenus immediately afterwards.
References
Zohar, M. (2019). Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Seismic Activity Associated with the Dead Sea
Transform (DST) during the Past 3000 Yr. Seismological Research Letters 91(1): 207-221..
.
Zohar, M. (2019) Supplement - ie the catalog
M. Zohar's publication page with links to his publications
Yaqût1 mentions:
Al Hrawi said: "I entered Jerusalem in the year 567 and met Machaykh from the city of Khalil [Hebron] who told me that in 513, on the day of King Baldwin, there had been a collapse in the Khalil [Hebron] Caverns. A group of Franks entered and found Abraham, Isaac and Jacob there, peace be upon them, covered in worn shrouds. They were leaning against the wall and above them, there were candles. They were bareheaded. The king replaced their suzires [?] and unblocked the cave".Abu Ya'ila al-Qalanisi2 bears the same testimony.
1 Mu'djam, 2/468.
2 Dhayl, 202.