Phase X Earthquake Open site page in a new tab

Following its Phase X destruction, plausibly attributed to the southern 363 CE Cyril Quake, the Temple of the Winged Lions appears to have remained unrepaired and was effectively abandoned ( Ward 2016:134). The attribution of this destruction, however, rests on limited chronological control. As emphasized by Ward (2016:144), little ceramic or numismatic evidence has been published that would allow independent testing of the 363 CE date proposed by the excavator Phillip Hammond. The pattern of collapse within the temple complex is nonetheless consistent with a major seismic event. According to Ward (2016:144), the exterior walls and some columns survived the destruction, with standing walls reaching heights of up to 3.32 m at the start of excavation. By contrast, the interior suffered catastrophic failure: the pronaos and cella were heavily damaged, the main cella area was buried beneath debris, and the front cella wall together with the prostyle columns collapsed onto the pronaos. Additional evidence for violent structural disturbance was reported by Hammond (1975), who noted the dislodgement of capitals together with cornice-carrying blocks, wall elements, and other architectural members. He further observed that a substantial amount of internal plastered decoration, including preparatory undercoatings, had been shaken loose, indicating widespread interior disruption consistent with strong earthquake damage.



By Jefferson Williams