Phase X Earthquake
Following its Phase X destruction, plausibly attributed to
the southern
363 CE Cyril Quake, the Temple of the Winged Lions
appears to have remained unrepaired and was effectively
abandoned
(
Ward 2016:134). The attribution of this destruction,
however, rests on limited chronological control. As
emphasized by
Ward (2016:144), little ceramic or numismatic evidence
has been published that would allow independent testing
of the 363 CE date proposed by the excavator
Phillip Hammond.
The pattern of collapse within the temple complex is
nonetheless consistent with a major seismic event.
According to
Ward (2016:144), the exterior walls and some columns
survived the destruction, with standing walls reaching
heights of up to 3.32 m at the start of excavation.
By contrast, the interior suffered catastrophic failure:
the
pronaos and
cella were heavily damaged, the main
cella area was buried beneath debris, and the front
cella wall together with the
prostyle columns collapsed
onto the pronaos. Additional evidence for violent structural disturbance was
reported by
Hammond (1975), who noted the dislodgement of
capitals together with
cornice-carrying blocks, wall elements, and
other architectural members. He further observed that a
substantial amount of internal plastered decoration,
including preparatory undercoatings, had been shaken loose,
indicating widespread interior disruption consistent with
strong earthquake damage.