Stratum IV Destruction - Late Iron IIA
Panitz-Cohen and Mazar in Mazar et al.
(2020 v.2:186) report that Stratum
C-1a (Stratum IV) ended in a sudden and
violent destruction accompanied by an
intense conflagration. Every excavated
building directly beneath topsoil showed
evidence of burning. Temperatures were
thought to exceed 500°C, as
partial firing of
brick courses and
mud plaster occurred in many walls. Pottery vessels
were cracked, distorted, and heavily
calcified; in Building CF, a large
pottery crate was so deformed by heat
that restoration proved extremely
difficult.
The destruction was abrupt, indicated
by the extraordinary quantity of pottery
vessels and objects left inside houses.
Only a single skeleton was recovered,
possibly suggesting a daytime event.
After this destruction, virtually no
occupation followed except for a single
deep pit cutting through Iron IIA strata
and a sterile gray fill above part of
Building CL. The site appears to have
been abandoned.
Archaeoseismic evidence in Area C
includes collapsed and tilted walls,
fallen ceilings, broken pottery (some in
fallen position), and heavy debris.
Comparable evidence appears in Areas D,
E, and G. Unlike the Stratum V and VI
events, however, there is no compelling
evidence for pronounced vertical
shaking. This suggests that Tel Reḥov
was probably not within the
near-field of the earthquake and that
the underlying
active faults beneath the tel
likely did not slip. These faults were
identified through
seismic surveys discussed in the
final excavation report. Structural
deformation remains evident, but without
clear signs of significant vertical
uplift.
Dating rests on ceramic evidence and
radiocarbon determinations.
Panitz-Cohen and Mazar (2020 v.2)
date the Iron IIA destruction to the
9th century BCE, no later than
840/830 BCE. However,
Finkelstein and Piasetzky (2010) and
Finkelstein (
2013;
2017) place the end of Late
Iron Age II closer to ~760 BCE,
coinciding with the
Amos Quake. In the
Tel Rehov Paleoseismic Trench,
approximately 300 m north of the site,
Zilberman et al. (2004) identified
Event I with more than 1.2 m of
slip, which they associated with the ~760 BCE
Amos Quake. It is therefore plausible
that the Stratum IV destruction was
caused by this earthquake.
The damaged structures were built
entirely of
mudbrick with wood beam
foundations, introducing the likelihood
of a
construction-related site effect
that may have influenced the structural
response during seismic shaking.