• Site Plan of the Great Temple
  Fig. 2
  
  Petra Great Temple site plan (Marshall C. Agnew).
  
  Joukowsky (2009)
  at Petra from Joukowsky (2009)

• from Joukowsky (2009)

Joukowsky and Basile (2001:50), using a different phasing than Joukowsky (2009), discussed archeoseismic evidence from the early 2nd century CE at the Great Temple.

Dated to the mid-second century, Nabataean-Roman Phase IV follows a minor collapse when the uppermost course of the propylaea stairs was built to provide access to the Lower Temenos, and when the Lower Temenos east cryptoportico, which may have seen collapse, was filled in.

Joukowsky (2009) attributed the Phase IX earthquake to the southern Cyril Quake of 363 CE.

Although Joukowsky (2009) attributed seismic destruction to the 551 CE Beirut Quake, the epicenter of this earthquake was too far from Petra (almost 400 km.) to have caused such damage. The Inscription at Areopolis Quake is a more likely candidate.

Joukowsky (2009) listed a series of major collapses in the Islamic Period.

• minor collapse when the uppermost course of the propylaea stairs was built (Joukowsky and Basile, 2001).
• Damage to Propylaeum West (Joukowsky, 2009)
• Repairs to Lower Temenos (Joukowsky, 2009)
• Baroque Room Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)

• Collapse of the Propylaeum (Joukowsky, 2009)
• Collapse of the Lower Temenos West Triple Collonade (Joukowsky, 2009)
• West Cryptoporticus Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)

• Further Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)
• East Triple Collonade Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)
• West Entry Stairs Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)
• Temple East Porch Column Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)

• Series of Major Collapses in the Islamic Period (Joukowsky, 2009)

• Earthquake Archeological Effects chart
  Earthquake Archeological Effects (EAE)
  
  Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)
  of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)

Effect	Description	Intensity
Displaced Walls	minor collapse when the uppermost course of the propylaea stairs was built (Joukowsky and Basile, 2001).	VII+
Displaced Walls	Damage to Propylaeum West (Joukowsky, 2009)	VII+
Displaced Walls ?	Repairs to Lower Temenos (Joukowsky, 2009)	VII+
Collapsed Walls	Baroque Room Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)	VIII+

The archeoseismic evidence requires a minimum Intensity of VIII (8) when using the Earthquake Archeological Effects chart of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013:221-224).

• Earthquake Archeological Effects chart
  Earthquake Archeological Effects (EAE)
  
  Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)
  of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)

Effect	Description	Intensity
Displaced Walls	Collapse of the Propylaeum (Joukowsky, 2009)	VII+
Fallen Columns	Collapse of the Lower Temenos West Triple Collonade (Joukowsky, 2009)	V+
Collapsed Vaults	West Cryptoporticus Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)	VIII+

The archeoseismic evidence requires a minimum Intensity of VIII (8) when using the Earthquake Archeological Effects chart of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224).

• Earthquake Archeological Effects chart
  Earthquake Archeological Effects (EAE)
  
  Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)
  of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)

Effect	Description	Intensity
Fallen Columns	East Triple Collonade Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)	V+
Folded Step and kerbs	West Entry Stairs Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)	VI+
Fallen Columns	Temple East Porch Column Collapse (Joukowsky, 2009)	V+

The archeoseismic evidence requires a minimum Intensity of VI (6) when using the Earthquake Archeological Effects chart of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224) and is likely an underestimate.

Articles and Books

Joukowsky, M. S. and J. J. Basile (2001). "More Pieces in the Petra Great Temple Puzzle." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research(324): 43-58.

Joukowsky, M. S. 2009. Surprises at the Petra Great Temple: a retrospective. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan X: 291–310.

Korzhenkov, A. et.al., 2016, Следы землетрясений в затерянном городе (Earthquake trails in a lost city), Nature 43



Excavation Reports

Joukowsky, M. S., et al. (1998). Petra Great Temple, Volume 1

Joukowsky, M. S. (2007). Petra Great Temple, Volume 2 Oxbow Books.

Joukowsky, M. S., et al. (1998). Petra Great Temple, Volume 3



Websites

Petra Great Temple Site Bibliography

The Petra Great Temple Database Project

The Petra Great Temple Excavation Web Page - Brown University

Petra Great Temple Excavations on Open Context

Petra Great Temple Excavation Trenches on Open Context

Figure	Image	Description	Source
5a	Figure 5a Great Temple Damaged during the earthquake, the Roman columns of the Great Temple, reinforced by an additional wall Korzhenkov et al (2016)	support wall	Korzhenkov et al (2016)
5b	Figure 5b Great Temple "drums" of columns destroyed during an early earthquake Korzhenkov et al (2016)	re-used building elements	Korzhenkov et al (2016)
7	Figure 7 Great Temple Destroyed columns of the Great Temple. Given that they were not dismantled, the collapse occurred after the earthquake of 632 and the occupation of the territory by the Arabs. JW: Terminus Post Quem for Column collapse is speculative Korzhenkov et al (2016)	Collapsed Column	Korzhenkov et al (2016)