Tsunami (?) - between 290 and 500 BCE
Hoffmann et al. (2017) identified a possible
tsunamigenic deposit in a sea-cliff outcrop near the southern extent of
ancient Ashkelon. The deposit was dated to between 290 and 500 BCE
based on archaeological stratigraphic succession and a few sherds of
pottery. Two radiocarbon samples gave older and divergent ages which
were not deemed to be diagnostic of the true age of deposition. The
ages from these radiocarbon samples conflicted with a stratigraphic
succession which showed that the sediment body was deposited during
the Persian period. The older divergent radiocarbon dates were
interpreted as indicating possible mixing or re-working of source
materials which can be diagnostic of tsunamigenic deposits.
Hoffmann et al. (2017:9) noted that signs that
the deposit is of tsunamigenic origin include
rip-up clasts,
fining-up sequences,
corrasion,
imbricated clasts,
and planktic foraminifera with signs of corrasion,
and 14C ages older than the deposit itself (suggesting mixing)
. In
addition, the site's location seems too far from rivers capable of
delivering flash flood deposits (> 6 km. away) and estimates of coastal
retreat suggest that the deposit was far enough inland from the then
coastline that a storm surge was a less probable explanation. Although
Hoffmann et al. (2017:9) opined that other
transport mechanisms that may have created a similar sediment
signature, such as storms or floods are less-probable for this specific
site
they could not be entirely excluded
.