Phase VII Earthquake
Hammond (1975:11–12) describes the Phase VII earthquake
as a catastrophic collapse marking the final destruction
of the structure. Architectural debris, sealed by silting
associated with the subsequent Phase VI, is interpreted
as the result of a single terminal event rather than
incremental structural failure. The consistent
northwest–southeast direction of collapse recorded across
the excavated areas supports the interpretation of a
coherent, earthquake-driven fall mechanism.
At the time of collapse, much of the building remained
standing. According to
Hammond (1975:11–12), columns were still upright,
capitals and
cornices remained in place, plaster
decoration survived in situ,
arches were standing, and
portions of the roof may also have remained intact. The
Phase VII earthquake thus completed the destruction of a
structure that had already been damaged, but not fully
demolished, by an earlier seismic event in Phase X,
probably in the 4th century CE. The scale and completeness
of the collapse point to a second earthquake of greater
severity, comparable to the destruction sequence
documented at the
Main Theater. Although Hammond assigns the Phase VII
destruction to one of the
mid-8th-century CE earthquakes,
this attribution is not entirely secure and rests on a
relatively scant ceramic assemblage recovered higher in
Phase VI, some of which is described as
Byzantine.