Phase 4 earthquake
Based on soundings in Sectors 2 and 7,
Tholbecq et al. (2019) document Phase 4
“destruction of the northern masonry of the orchestra.”
They “deduce that this event (earthquake?) occurred
shortly after the Late Roman period, or even during
this period.” In a later synthesis,
Tholbecq (2022) explicitly suggests “an association
with the earthquake of 363,” identified as the southern
363 CE Cyril Quake.
Further support for a mid-4th-century seismic event
derives from nearby excavations west of the Wadi Sabra
Theater.
Tholbecq et al. (2024:136) report on a structure
approximately 45 m west of the theater, interpreted
as having originated as a
caravanserai, a
mansio, or
hospitalia before later conversion into a small fort.
They state that the fort was “finally destroyed by
fire in the mid-4th century, probably following the
earthquake of 363, a date confirmed by several
converging 14C analyses,” and note that its occupation
sequence “echoes the phasing of the 2nd-century AD
theater.”