The Phase 3 earthquake is inferred primarily from rebuilding evidence. Tholbecq et al. (2019) report that “various clues suggest that the theater underwent violent destruction, at least on the north side,” where “the upper parts of the walls seem to have been destroyed, then rebuilt by recycling collapsed bleacher seats.” The authors note, however, that “voluntary dismantling” remains a possible alternative explanation. In either case, this activity occurred no later than the 3rd century CE.