2nd Earthquake Open this page in a new tab

Al Khabour (2016) reports earthquake damage in the Basilica of St. Sergius (aka Basilica A), including fractures in the apse that may reflect seismic shaking or differential subsidence. Likewise, Sack et al. (2010:307) note that from the construction of the church until the city’s abandonment in the 13th century, “earthquakes and the building ground weakened by underground dolines have caused considerable damage,” indicating repeated structural stress. Hof (2019) observes that the Great Cistern was maintained into the second quarter of the 8th century but soon fell into disrepair, while Catharine Hof (personal communication, 2022) suggests that damage across the site reflects the cumulative effect of repeated low-intensity shaking from distant earthquakes, rarely exceeding intensity IV MMI. In contrast, Kázmér et al. (2024:35–36) report archaeoseismic evidence such as dropped keystones, displaced ashlars, and wall failures, indicating high intensities, perhaps as much as IX, during at least one seismic event. For dating, however, Hof (personal communication, 2022) argues that the supposed 8th-century earthquake rests on circular reasoning. She notes that reports of “a large earthquake in the (mid or late) eighth century” derive from an early statement by the excavation director Johannes Kollwitz (1959), and that the entry in the catalogue of Sbeinati et al. (2005) ultimately relies on Klengel (1985), a photobook offering no seismic evidence. Hof concludes that there is neither written source nor archaeological evidence for an extraordinary or large earthquake at Resafa in the 8th century.

By Jefferson Williams