2nd Earthquake
Al Khabour (2016) reports earthquake damage in the
Basilica of St. Sergius (aka Basilica A),
including fractures in the
apse that may reflect seismic
shaking or
differential subsidence. Likewise,
Sack et al. (2010:307) note that from the
construction of the church until
the city’s abandonment in the 13th century,
“earthquakes and the building ground weakened
by underground
dolines have caused considerable
damage,” indicating repeated structural
stress.
Hof (2019)
observes that the Great
Cistern was maintained into the
second quarter of the 8th century but soon
fell into disrepair, while Catharine Hof
(personal communication, 2022) suggests that
damage across the site reflects the
cumulative effect of repeated low-intensity
shaking from distant earthquakes, rarely
exceeding intensity IV MMI. In contrast,
Kázmér et al. (2024:35–36) report
archaeoseismic evidence such as
dropped keystones,
displaced ashlars, and wall
failures, indicating high intensities,
perhaps as much as IX, during at least one
seismic event. For dating, however, Hof
(personal communication, 2022) argues that
the supposed 8th-century earthquake rests on
circular reasoning. She notes that reports
of “a large earthquake in the (mid or late)
eighth century” derive from an early
statement by the excavation director
Johannes Kollwitz (1959), and that the entry
in the catalogue of
Sbeinati et al. (2005) ultimately relies on
Klengel (1985), a photobook offering no
seismic evidence. Hof concludes that there
is neither written source nor archaeological
evidence for an extraordinary or large
earthquake at Resafa in the 8th century.