Phase XI Earthquake
In the later sequence of the Great Temple
precinct, Joukowsky (2007:34–35)
describes a sixth-century phase of renewed
structural failure and contraction, noting
that “in Site Phase XI there is further
collapse that possibly postdates the fifth
century CE.” Some of the collapses she
records may reflect long-term degradation,
while others could plausibly be attributed
to a sixth-century seismic shock.
In the
Propylaeum
she records that "major collapses continue," suggesting
that the formal entrance to the sacred complex was no
longer structurally secure. In the Lower
Temenos
there is "continued accumulation of fill and the West
Entry Stairs go out of use," reflecting both collapse
and progressive abandonment of circulation routes.
On the eastern side, she reports that "the East Triple
Colonnade
collapses along with the East
Exedra’s
entablature."
The failure of both the colonnaded façade and its
overlying architectural superstructure signals major
structural breakdown in one of the precinct’s most
formal architectural settings.
In the Upper Temenos she similarly notes "further
collapse," followed by "the accumulation of fill after
disuse of the canalization system," together with
"areas of localized burning." These observations
collectively depict a sixth-century landscape dominated
by fallen architectural elements, clogged drainage,
and piecemeal adaptation rather than coordinated
rebuilding.
The Roman-Byzantine Baths provide the clearest marker
of terminal decline.
Joukowsky (2007:34-35)
states that "modifications take place in the
Roman-Byzantine Baths and a final collapse occurs
after which the bath site is finally abandoned,"
adding that it is "unlikely that the complex
functioned beyond the mid sixth century." She
concludes that this stage marks "the terminal phase
of site occupation" for the Great Temple precinct.
Although she refers to the the termnal phase ending in the mid sixth century,
the date of this final collapse was probably the late 6th century as the late 6th century
Inscription at Areopolis Quake is more plausible candidate for causing this damage than the
distant
551 CE Beirut Quake.