7th century CE earthquake
Blanke and Walmsley (2022:86) report that
"Urban Fiḥl was badly impacted" by a seventh-century
CE earthquake, resulting in "permanent
reconfigurations to the town’s layout." Dating was
"established by secure ceramic comparisons with the
corpus from excavations of the eastern residential
area on the main mound [i.e. Pella]." Reported
archaeoseismic evidence, including rebuilding evidence, is
extensive.
Smith (1973:165) attributed damage to the West
Church Complex (Area I) to the
659/660 CE Jordan Valley Quake(s), noting that
this event "toppled most of the upper part of the
walls of the sanctuary and
atrium and damaged the north
dependency."
Smith et al. (1989:92) suggested that this
earthquake also damaged the Area IX Church.
Blanke and Walmsley (2022) further report that
excavations by Watson at the summit of Tall al-Ḥuṣn
identified a multi-phase
"policing and administrative garrison"
destroyed in the 659 earthquake, with the
date "established by secure ceramic comparisons with
the corpus from excavations of the eastern
residential area on the main mound."
Walmsley (2007) reports that the barracks or
garrison were "shattered by the force of the tremor
and never rebuilt," despite their strategic
location.
At the eastern end of the Pella mound,
Blanke and Walmsley (2022) report that "a
residential area suffered a partial collapse of
buildings, followed by closure of an east–west access
street and the repair of multi-roomed houses on two
levels," while
Walmsley (2007) states that these houses
"required substantial rebuilding and remodelling
after the quake."
Elsewhere on the eastern end of the Pella mound,
Blanke and Walmsley (2022) note that "a derelict
courtyard house was not rebuilt after an apparent
mid-seventh-century collapse," although continued
activity such as "animal butchering" indicates reuse
of the space.
In the valley below the mound,
Blanke and Walmsley (2022) report that "the
central church suffered significant damage that
resulted in the permanent blocking of the western
portal only decades old and the reinstatement of the
main entrance on the northern side." The
"
colonnade at the top of the church staircase seemingly
collapsed at this time." The authors argue that an
"unwillingness to restore the
portico and staircase
suggests that the earthquake caused havoc in the
valley," citing "broad evidence for land movement
causing architectural slumping and infilling with
coarse
alluvium and boulders, the remediation of
which would have been
sisyphean."
Walmsley (2007) likewise notes that "the churches
also seem to have been adversely affected by this
seismic event, although there is argument about the
extent to which they were still functioning in the
mid-seventh century."