7th century CE earthquake Open site page in a new tab

Blanke and Walmsley (2022:86) report that "Urban Fiḥl was badly impacted" by a seventh-century CE earthquake, resulting in "permanent reconfigurations to the town’s layout." Dating was "established by secure ceramic comparisons with the corpus from excavations of the eastern residential area on the main mound [i.e. Pella]." Reported archaeoseismic evidence, including rebuilding evidence, is extensive. Smith (1973:165) attributed damage to the West Church Complex (Area I) to the 659/660 CE Jordan Valley Quake(s), noting that this event "toppled most of the upper part of the walls of the sanctuary and atrium and damaged the north dependency." Smith et al. (1989:92) suggested that this earthquake also damaged the Area IX Church.

Blanke and Walmsley (2022) further report that excavations by Watson at the summit of Tall al-Ḥuṣn identified a multi-phase "policing and administrative garrison" destroyed in the 659 earthquake, with the date "established by secure ceramic comparisons with the corpus from excavations of the eastern residential area on the main mound." Walmsley (2007) reports that the barracks or garrison were "shattered by the force of the tremor and never rebuilt," despite their strategic location.

At the eastern end of the Pella mound, Blanke and Walmsley (2022) report that "a residential area suffered a partial collapse of buildings, followed by closure of an east–west access street and the repair of multi-roomed houses on two levels," while Walmsley (2007) states that these houses "required substantial rebuilding and remodelling after the quake."

Elsewhere on the eastern end of the Pella mound, Blanke and Walmsley (2022) note that "a derelict courtyard house was not rebuilt after an apparent mid-seventh-century collapse," although continued activity such as "animal butchering" indicates reuse of the space.

In the valley below the mound, Blanke and Walmsley (2022) report that "the central church suffered significant damage that resulted in the permanent blocking of the western portal only decades old and the reinstatement of the main entrance on the northern side." The " colonnade at the top of the church staircase seemingly collapsed at this time." The authors argue that an "unwillingness to restore the portico and staircase suggests that the earthquake caused havoc in the valley," citing "broad evidence for land movement causing architectural slumping and infilling with coarse alluvium and boulders, the remediation of which would have been sisyphean." Walmsley (2007) likewise notes that "the churches also seem to have been adversely affected by this seismic event, although there is argument about the extent to which they were still functioning in the mid-seventh century."

By Jefferson Williams