Stratum VIIA Earthquake (?) - Late Bronze Age Open site page in a new tab

Marco et al. (2006) documented extension cracks and displaced ashlar blocks in the Late Bronze Age Gate, noting that the ashlars shifted “sub-parallel to the N–S trend of the wall.” They further observed that the gate lacked a foundation, rendering it vulnerable to seismic damage. Unfortunately, this compelling archaeoseismic evidence lacks a reliable terminus ante quem, allowing only the conclusion that the event post-dates ca. 1200 BCE and may be attributable to the ~950 BCE Stratum IVA seismic episode. Marco et al. (2006) also reported that “stone plates in the roof of Schumacher’s Chamber F are fractured at 90°.” This presumed roof collapse similarly lacks a reliable terminus ante quem and could reflect either a Late Bronze Age earthquake or a later event, such as the ~950 BCE Stratum IVA seismic episode. Kleiman et al. (2023:4) note that “the destruction of the Late Bronze III city (Stratum VIIA) in the second half of the 12th century BCE was partial and did not lead to radical changes in either the spatial organization of the settlement or its material culture.” Kleiman et al. (2023:34) further observe that “to date, signs of destruction were documented mainly in the area of the palace in Area AA and partially in Area M (Level M-6, see Finkelstein 2013a: 234), as well as in the domestic quarter in Area K (Level K-6, see Arie and Nativ 2013)”. Israel Finkelstein in Adams et al. (2013, Vol. 3:1335–1336) instead appears to suggest that the destruction of Stratum VIIA resulted from human agency.

By Jefferson Williams