Leibner et al. (2018:96–97) report that debris in the northwestern quarter of the synagogue hall accumulated to a height of ca. 2.2 m above floor level, providing key evidence for the building’s final collapse. Architectural elements indicate a sudden structural failure: components of the corner column fell to the southwest, while wall courses, “still bound together by mortar,” were found lying on their sides within the debris, together with hundreds of roof tiles and dozens of large construction nails likely derived from the roof truss. The excavators state that “all this evidence seems to imply that the final collapse was caused by an earthquake.” Dating evidence derives from the latest pottery and small finds on the floor beneath the collapse, which date to the fourth–early fifth centuries and were “probably washed in from above after the abandonment of the building, but before its collapse,” then sealed by the debris, with no later material present. On this basis, the building is interpreted as having collapsed “in an earthquake in the early years of the fifth century (perhaps in 419?).” (Leibner et al., 2018:96–97).