End of Period II Earthquake
The end of Period II likely occurred shortly before the onset of
Period III construction, which
McKenzie et al. (2013:62) suggest probably began in the 3rd
century CE, “in association with other repairs after an
earthquake.” This proposed date appears to be extrapolated from
the chronology of Period II construction, which is securely
anchored by pottery recovered in stratigraphic position.
Additional support for a 3rd-century CE date is derived from
stylistic analysis:
McKenzie et al. (2002:73) noted similarities between the
sculpture of Period III and
late antique sculpture in Egypt,
suggesting “the possibility of a date in the third century A.D.”
Glueck, however, expressed reservations regarding the role of an
earthquake in ending Period II.
Glueck (1965:106) stated that “earthquake tremors or age or
both may have brought about the collapse” of the Period II
Altar-Base. He further characterized Altar-Base II as
“aesthetically attractive but architecturally weak,” emphasizing
deficiencies in its internal construction, particularly in the
lowest foundation stones
(
Glueck 1965:107).