Pre-Phase 1 Destruction - EB III
Richard et al. (2020:599) report that in Square C06 they
uncovered "a layer of mudbrick and ash lying beneath the
Phase 1 surface," which they interpret as collapse material
concentrated mainly in the southern part of the square, while
noting that in the north "there was some
alignment of mud
bricks."
On this basis, they conclude that "it is almost certain now
that this pre-Phase 1 layer witnesses the destruction of the
EB III settlement encountered everywhere in Area B below EB
IV remains."
The destruction belongs to the broader collapse of EB III
urbanism in the southern Levant.
Richard et al. (2023) notes that revised radiocarbon
chronologies place the EB III/IV transition at ca. 2500 cal
BCE, rather than ca. 2300 BCE. This earlier date effectively
rules out both
5th-
6th Dynasty Egyptian raids and the ca.
2300/2260 BCE 4.2
ka BP climatic event as causes of the EB
III collapse.
Richard et al. (2023) characterize the
regional decline as a prolonged and probably multifactorial
process rather than due to a single catastrophic event.