• from Nigro (2008:363-365)

The site, located on the hills (around 675 a.s.l.) 15 kilometers north-east of Amman on the left bank of Wadi az-Zarqa (fig. 5), and thoroughly excavated by Romil Ghrayib on the behalf of the Department of Antiquities, was already visited in the 1930s by N. Glueck⁷, who recognized an extensive Early Bronze Age occupation in the area. Heavily threatened nowadays by modern urban expansion, Khirbet er-Ruseifeh has been drastically damaged by bulldozer cuts, which reduced its dimensions to almost one fifth of its original extension (probably up to 10 he. in the late Middle Bronze Age)⁸. It had substantial occupations in the Early Bronze II-III (figs. 6-7; pl. I)⁹ and Middle Bronze II-III/Late Bronze I: a MB III/LB I monumental building (possibly a governor’s residency; fig. 8), which provided a rich set of materials (deep bowls and jugs, painted vessels, and storage jars), hints at the role of central place for this town in the Zarqa/er-Ruseifeh district during the II millennium BC, when the city of Batrawy was definitively deserted. A significant EB IV occupation was, instead, detected in the nearby site of er Ruseifeh (fig. 4)¹⁰, directly arisen aside the river, but nowadays completely destroyed due to the growth of the modern village of Ruseifeh¹¹.

Khirbet er-Ruseifeh shows also substantial Roman¹² and Byzantine occupations (fig. 9)¹³, and it continued to play a central role in the region even in the later Islamic and Ottoman Periods due to its strategic position at the ford connecting to southern Amman district with the northern area. Finally, since 1902 the railway (fig. 10) built to connect Hijaz with Damascus and Istanbul (the capital of Ottoman Khalifah), passing through its land, gave an additional importance to the site, as well as the Yajouz road, the main artery of the area which, since ancient times, connected the Zarqa district with Amman through er-Ruseifeh.

Discussion

Effect	Location	Image(s)	Description
Collapsed Wall                      Fire ? (Charcoal)	SW Side of the Site Figure 5 Topographical map of Khirbet er-Ruseifah and its surroundings. Nigro (2008)	Figure 7 EB III destruction layer with charcoals and collapsed reddish mud-bricks visible in the section cut on the SW side of the site. Nigro (2008)	EB III destruction layer with charcoals and collapsed reddish mud-bricks visible in the section cut on the SW side of the site. - Maura Sala in Nigro (2008:364)
Collapsed Wall	MB III/LB I governor’s residency visible underneath the northern hall of the monumental Byzantine building on the top of the site Figure 5 Topographical map of Khirbet er-Ruseifah and its surroundings. Nigro (2008)	Figure 8 The collapsed mud-bricks of a probable MB III/LB I governor’s residency visible underneath the northern hall of the monumental Byzantine building on the top of the site. Nigro (2008)	The collapsed mud-bricks of a probable MB III/LB I governor’s residency visible underneath the northern hall of the monumental Byzantine building on the top of the site. - Maura Sala in Nigro (2008:365)

• Earthquake Archeological Effects chart
  Earthquake Archeological Effects (EAE)
  
  Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)
  of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)

Effect	Location	Image(s)	Description	Intensity
Collapsed Wall                      Fire ? (Charcoal)	SW Side of the Site Figure 5 Topographical map of Khirbet er-Ruseifah and its surroundings. Nigro (2008)	Figure 7 EB III destruction layer with charcoals and collapsed reddish mud-bricks visible in the section cut on the SW side of the site. Nigro (2008)	EB III destruction layer with charcoals and collapsed reddish mud-bricks visible in the section cut on the SW side of the site. - Maura Sala in Nigro (2008:364)	VIII+ ?
Collapsed Wall	MB III/LB I governor’s residency visible underneath the northern hall of the monumental Byzantine building on the top of the site Figure 5 Topographical map of Khirbet er-Ruseifah and its surroundings. Nigro (2008)	Figure 8 The collapsed mud-bricks of a probable MB III/LB I governor’s residency visible underneath the northern hall of the monumental Byzantine building on the top of the site. Nigro (2008)	The collapsed mud-bricks of a probable MB III/LB I governor’s residency visible underneath the northern hall of the monumental Byzantine building on the top of the site. - Maura Sala in Nigro (2008:365)	VIII+

The archeoseismic evidence requires a minimum Intensity of VIII (8) when using the Earthquake Archeological Effects chart of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224).