Transliterated Name | Source | Name |
---|---|---|
Khirbet al-Khalde | Arabic |
This site, located 26 km to the northwest of Aqaba in the Wadi al-Yutm, had previously been the subject of only limited exploration by travelers and archaeologists.
Age | Dates | Comments |
---|---|---|
Early Bronze IA-B | 3300-3000 BCE | |
Early Bronze II | 3000-2700 BCE | |
Early Bronze III | 2700-2200 BCE | |
Middle Bronze I | 2200-2000 BCE | EB IV - Intermediate Bronze |
Middle Bronze IIA | 2000-1750 BCE | |
Middle Bronze IIB | 1750-1550 BCE | |
Late Bronze I | 1550-1400 BCE | |
Late Bronze IIA | 1400-1300 BCE | |
Late Bronze IIB | 1300-1200 BCE | |
Iron IA | 1200-1150 BCE | |
Iron IB | 1150-1100 BCE | |
Iron IIA | 1000-900 BCE | |
Iron IIB | 900-700 BCE | |
Iron IIC | 700-586 BCE | |
Babylonian & Persian | 586-332 BCE | |
Early Hellenistic | 332-167 BCE | |
Late Hellenistic | 167-37 BCE | |
Early Roman | 37 BCE - 132 CE | |
Herodian | 37 BCE - 70 CE | |
Late Roman | 132-324 CE | |
Byzantine | 324-638 CE | |
Early Arab | 638-1099 CE | Umayyad & Abbasid |
Crusader & Ayyubid | 1099-1291 CE | |
Late Arab | 1291-1516 CE | Fatimid & Mameluke |
Ottoman | 1516-1917 CE | |
Phase | Dates | Variants |
---|---|---|
Early Bronze IA-B | 3400-3100 BCE | |
Early Bronze II | 3100-2650 BCE | |
Early Bronze III | 2650-2300 BCE | |
Early Bronze IVA-C | 2300-2000 BCE | Intermediate Early-Middle Bronze, Middle Bronze I |
Middle Bronze I | 2000-1800 BCE | Middle Bronze IIA |
Middle Bronze II | 1800-1650 BCE | Middle Bronze IIB |
Middle Bronze III | 1650-1500 BCE | Middle Bronze IIC |
Late Bronze IA | 1500-1450 BCE | |
Late Bronze IIB | 1450-1400 BCE | |
Late Bronze IIA | 1400-1300 BCE | |
Late Bronze IIB | 1300-1200 BCE | |
Iron IA | 1200-1125 BCE | |
Iron IB | 1125-1000 BCE | |
Iron IC | 1000-925 BCE | Iron IIA |
Iron IIA | 925-722 BCE | Iron IIB |
Iron IIB | 722-586 BCE | Iron IIC |
Iron III | 586-520 BCE | Neo-Babylonian |
Early Persian | 520-450 BCE | |
Late Persian | 450-332 BCE | |
Early Hellenistic | 332-200 BCE | |
Late Hellenistic | 200-63 BCE | |
Early Roman | 63 BCE - 135 CE | |
Middle Roman | 135-250 CE | |
Late Roman | 250-363 CE | |
Early Byzantine | 363-460 CE | |
Late Byzantine | 460-638 CE | |
Early Arab | 638-1099 CE | |
Crusader & Ayyubid | 1099-1291 CE | |
Late Arab | 1291-1516 CE | |
Ottoman | 1516-1917 CE | |
Harvey, C. A., Intagliata, E. E., and Raja, R. (2024a) Implementation of a multi-scalar approach to the survey of military and trade architecture in Jordan: the case of Khirbet al-Khalde.
Antiquity 2024, 1–7.
Harvey, C. A., Intagliata, E. E., Mokránová, K., Raja, R., and Zoppi, M. (2024b) ‘Cultural heritage damage assessment at Khirbet al-Khalde in a longue durée perspective: the impact of legacy data and multi-scalar methodologies on survey results’.
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 12 (2), 172–195.
Harvey, C.A., Intagliata, E.E., and Raja, R. (2024c) ‘Global trade and mobility in the Desert. New investigations at the fort and presumed caravanserai of Khirbet al-Khalde in the southern Jordanian Desert’.
Current World Archaeology 123, 28–35.
Harvey, C.A., Intagliata, E. E., and Raja, R. (2024d) Khirbet al-Khalde — A Road Station in the Wadi al-Yutm.
Archaeology in Jordan 4, 173–175.
Surveying Khirbet al-Khalde: Global trade and ancient mobility in southern Jordan
World Archaeology website January 24, 2024 - open access - lots of photos
Craig A. Harvey, Emanuele E. Intagliata, R. Raja, (2024e) ‘Éclairages nouveaux sur le site archéologique de Khirbet al-Khalde (l’ancien Praesidium): un castellum et caravansérail
situé le long de la frontière de l’Empire romain en Arabie’. In Classical Association of Canada 2024 Annual Conference (Quebec City, Canada – 14–16/05/2024).
Craig A. Harvey, Emanuele E. Intagliata, Rubina Raja, Mara Zoppi, ‘Khirbet al-Khalde e Archeobenessere. Un’occasione mancata?’. (2024f)
In Archeobenessere – spunti di riflessione dagli scavi e ricerche condotte dall’Università degli Studi di Milano (Milano, Fondazione Luigi Rovati – 10/04/2024).
Craig A. Harvey, Emanuele E. Intagliata, Rubina Raja, (2023) ‘Introducing the Khirbet al-Khalde Archaeological Project: Initial Results
from the Inaugural 2023 Survey Season’.In Annual meeting of the American Society of Oriental Research, session # 5B. Archaeology of Jordan I – Excavation Reports (Chicago, Hilton Chicago – 17/11/2023).