Abandoned Temple Earthquake(s)

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Fischer et al. (1984) examined the Roman Temple at Kedesh, which, on the basis of inscriptions and architectural decoration, was presumed to have been in use during the second and third centuries CE. They noted structural disturbances that suggested seismic damage and speculated that the Temple may have been affected by the northern Cyril Quake of 363 CE. In describing the observed damage, Fischer et al. (1984) state that “some of the masonry courses of the east façade are clearly shifted out of line” ( Pl. 27: I), and that “a similar disturbance is evident in the keystones above the two side entrances.” They add that this deformation “could have been caused by an earthquake some time in the past,” and suggest that “one likelihood is the devastating earthquake of May 19, 363 C.E.".

Additional indicators of seismic damage were noted in the vicinity of the Temple, including a dropped keystone in a nearby masonry tomb photographed by Conder and Kitchener (1882), as well as folded walls observed by Schweppe et al. (2017). Schweppe et al. (2017) reiterate that “Fischer et al. [1984] suggest that the temple was destroyed by an earthquake on May 19, 363 C.E.” They further state that “unearthed ceramics and coins show that the temple was abandoned after the earthquake.” This latter assertion does not appear in Fischer et al. (1984), leaving unclear whether it reflects unpublished evidence, secondary interpretation, or paraphrase. While the northern Cyril Quake of 363 CE could plausibly have damaged the Temple, other seismic events — in particular the mid-8th-century CE Sabbatical Year earthquakes — may also have contributed to its destruction.

By Jefferson Williams