Abandoned Temple Earthquake(s)
Fischer et al. (1984) examined the Roman Temple at
Kedesh, which, on the
basis of inscriptions and architectural decoration, was presumed to
have been in use during the second and third centuries CE. They noted
structural disturbances that suggested seismic damage and speculated
that the Temple may have been affected by the northern
Cyril Quake of 363 CE.
In describing the observed damage, Fischer et al. (1984) state that
“some of the
masonry courses of the east façade are clearly shifted out
of line” (
Pl. 27: I), and that “a similar disturbance is evident in the
keystones above the two side entrances.” They add that this deformation
“could have been caused by an earthquake some time in the past,” and
suggest that “one likelihood is the devastating earthquake of May 19,
363 C.E.".
Additional indicators of seismic damage were noted in the vicinity of
the Temple, including a dropped keystone in a nearby masonry tomb
photographed by
Conder and Kitchener (1882), as well as folded walls observed by
Schweppe et al. (2017). Schweppe et al. (2017) reiterate that “Fischer
et al. [1984] suggest that the temple was destroyed by an earthquake on
May 19, 363 C.E.” They further state that “unearthed ceramics and coins
show that the temple was abandoned after the earthquake.” This latter
assertion does not appear in
Fischer et al. (1984), leaving unclear
whether it reflects unpublished evidence, secondary interpretation, or
paraphrase.
While the northern
Cyril Quake of 363 CE could plausibly have damaged the Temple, other
seismic events — in particular the
mid-8th-century CE Sabbatical Year earthquakes — may also have
contributed to its destruction.