Asutay-Effenberger and Weksler-Bdolah (2022) note that the widespread use of spolia—especially Hasmonean and Herodian ashlars—in Jerusalem’s walls may reflect both symbolic and practical considerations. The reuse of stones from earlier monuments evoked the city’s Jewish past while taking advantage of the abundant rubble likely left by the 363 CE Cyril earthquake. Textual sources cited by the authors indicate that the Roman–Byzantine walls were built in the late fourth or early fifth century, following the 363 CE Cyril earthquake.