Peristyle Building Earthquake
Ben-Ami and Tchekhanovets (2013) excavated a large
peristyle building of the Late Roman period southwest of the Temple Mount, within the
Givati site of the
City of David.
Ben-Ami et al. (2013) dated its construction to the third century CE,
based on a coin from the reign of
Diocletian (r. 284-305 CE) that had been
built into one of the walls. The coin, a
provincial Roman issue minted in Alexandria in 285 CE, provides a
terminus post quem
for the building’s foundation. The mansion later suffered a sudden and
violent collapse that buried numerous coins beneath the debris in its
rooms. As these coins date no later than 361 CE, they establish a
terminus post quem
for the building's destruction (Ben-Ami and Tchekhanovets 2013).
According to the excavators, in the mansion’s western wing “the floor of
the living area collapsed, burying nearly all the remains of the ground
floor,” while “the surviving walls … were found under massive heaps of
stones from the walls of the upper story.” They observed “a large crack”
running through the stone slabs of the underlying water systems,
evidence — together with the fallen masonry and associated finds — of “the
immense catastrophe [the building] underwent.” The ceramic assemblage
within and below the collapse dated to the Late Roman–Early Byzantine
period (third–fourth centuries CE) and was dominated by
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arched-rim basins
and
rouletted bowls.