Rebuilding Evidence Earthquake
Gawlikowski (1992:358) reports that
the Umayyad House at Jerash was built on level ground after an
earthquake
. The date of construction is inferred from coins. These
included coins of Constans II (641–668)
, described as the last Byzantine coins used in
Syria–Palestine and “found within the fill (at depth and on the
surface),” as well as
Arab-Byzantine coins from
Scythopolis (Beisan) and
Jerash, which were 'sealed' under the ground of the House
.
The precise date of this Arab-Byzantine coinage remains uncertain, but
Gawlikowski—following
Bates (1976)—places it around the
middle of the 7th century CE or later. Based on this numismatic
terminus post quem,
Gawlikowski proposes that the earthquake preceding construction was one
of the
659/660 CE Jordan Valley Quake(s).
Gawlikowski also refers to a “recent discovery” by J. Seigne in the
lower terrace of the Temple of Zeus, where the
vaulted corridor collapsed and
buried a herd of goats. The age of one of the kids suggested that the
disaster occurred in May or June due to seasonal birthing patterns of
goats. A Byzantine coin with an Arab countermark—marking the beginning
of Islamic rule—was found with the remains. This evidence supported
Gawlikowski’s attribution of the event to one of the
659/660 CE Jordan Valley Quake(s).
The archaeoseismic evidence here is based solely on
rebuilding evidence. No direct
seismic damage from a 7th-century CE earthquake was reported.