Rebuilding Evidence Earthquake Open site page in a new tab
Gawlikowski (1992:358) reports that the Umayyad House at Jerash was built on level ground after an earthquake. The date of construction is inferred from coins. These included coins of Constans II (641–668) , described as the last Byzantine coins used in Syria–Palestine and “found within the fill (at depth and on the surface),” as well as Arab-Byzantine coins from Scythopolis (Beisan) and Jerash, which were 'sealed' under the ground of the House. The precise date of this Arab-Byzantine coinage remains uncertain, but Gawlikowski—following Bates (1976)—places it around the middle of the 7th century CE or later. Based on this numismatic terminus post quem, Gawlikowski proposes that the earthquake preceding construction was one of the 659/660 CE Jordan Valley Quake(s).

Gawlikowski also refers to a “recent discovery” by J. Seigne in the lower terrace of the Temple of Zeus, where the vaulted corridor collapsed and buried a herd of goats. The age of one of the kids suggested that the disaster occurred in May or June due to seasonal birthing patterns of goats. A Byzantine coin with an Arab countermark—marking the beginning of Islamic rule—was found with the remains. This evidence supported Gawlikowski’s attribution of the event to one of the 659/660 CE Jordan Valley Quake(s). The archaeoseismic evidence here is based solely on rebuilding evidence. No direct seismic damage from a 7th-century CE earthquake was reported.

By Jefferson Williams