Tholbecq (2000:154–155) describes what was likely a residential structure on the lower terrace of the Temple of Zeus, which had a single occupation phase “interrupted by what appears to have been a violent destruction of the building.” He adds that “levels containing medieval ceramics were discovered beneath the collapse of the eastern façade of the lower terrace,” a discovery that, in his view, “implies that, as with the northern part of the hippodrome, part of the monument survived the 8th-century earthquake and only collapsed much later.” On this basis, Tholbecq (2000:154–155) concludes that “in these various sectors [Hippodrome and Temple of Zeus], the excavators in fact identified two levels of violent destruction: the first appears to have resulted from military action (arrowheads), the second from an earthquake.” JW: This article was written before the final excavation report on the Jerash Hippodrome. In that report, no earthquake evidence is listed after the mid-8th century CE.