Storeroom Earthquake
Rattenborg and Blanke (2017:19–21)
report that on the southwest hill, excavations by the Late Antique
Jarash Project (LAJP) exposed a storeroom situated in the southern part
of a residential building and opening onto a courtyard. The stone-built
walls rested directly on bedrock, and the floor consisted of hard-packed
yellow clay. The installation of
piers along the north and
south walls, together with the recovery of
arch-stones, demonstrates
that the roof was vaulted and covered with the same yellow clay used in
the walls. The building collapsed in a single violent event — an
earthquake — leading to the abandonment of the structure.
A deposit associated with the final use of the building and sealed by
collapse contained ceramic vessels associated with cooking and food
storage. The ceramic assemblage comprised roughly 1,000 sherds
representing 22 nearly intact vessels, with only a few sherds from other
pots. Of these 22 vessels, nine were large
pithoi-style storage jars,
while the remaining 13 consisted of smaller storage jars, cooking pots,
and several examples of fine wares. Several
vessels can confidently be dated to the Abbasid period. Particularly
noteworthy are sherds from three vessels produced in a hard black
fabric with a polished surface, comparable to Abbasid sherds from layers
near the congregational mosque in central Jerash. A black beaker is
distinctively Abbasid in form and resembles examples from Pella and
Jerusalem dating to the late 8th or 9th centuries. The fabric matches a
rare early Abbasid specimen from Nabratein (Magness 1994).
Unfortuantely, for dating purposes,
Rattenborg and Blanke (2017:29) note
that “the available archaeological record of the 9th–11th centuries is
notoriously meagre and marred by a dissatisfying degree of chronological
control.”
Abbasid material from Jerash indicates a destruction event sometime in
the second half of the 8th, 9th, or 10th century CE. Although the Abbasid
Caliphate underwent increasing decentralization during this period—especially
after
the assassination of Caliph al-Mutawakkil
in 861 CE—the Levant remained under effective Abbasid
authority until the late 10th century.
This chronological interpretation assumes that Abbasid material culture,
including ceramic forms, did not continue in significant quantities once
political control had shifted to successor dynasties.