Pockmarked Floor Earthquake
Walker and LaBianca (2003:453–454)
reported 7th-century CE archaeoseismic evidence from an
Umayyad-period building in Field N at Tell Hesban. They attributed
its destruction to the Jordan Valley Quake(s) of 659/660 CE
rather than military activity during the Islamic conquest of the Levant.
The hard, yellowish clay floors (N.1:18 and N.2:16) of the building
were described as badly broken and pockmarked by wall collapse.
On top of these floors were storage jars, basins, and
cookware that had been crushed when
upper masonry courses
fell onto them. The ceramics belonged to the Byzantine–Umayyad transitional period.
Walker and LaBianca (2003:453–454)
observed that the only identified foundation trench (N.2:25)
contained no pottery, while the overlying fill yielded late
Umayyad and Abbasid ceramics. Although its original construction date
remains uncertain, the excavators concluded that the field N building was
occupied in the mid-7th century CE, suffered a sudden
catastrophic event, and was later reused into the 9th century CE.
Walker and LaBianca (2003:453–454)
further noted that the fallen masonry, crushed pottery, and
deformed floors — which appeared to have “melted” around collapsed
blocks — together with deep ash pits and lenses, bore
witness to a major conflagration accompanying the earthquake
damage.