Pockmarked Floor Earthquake Open this page in a new tab

Walker and LaBianca (2003:453–454) reported 7th-century CE archaeoseismic evidence from an Umayyad-period building in Field N at Tell Hesban. They attributed its destruction to the Jordan Valley Quake(s) of 659/660 CE rather than military activity during the Islamic conquest of the Levant. The hard, yellowish clay floors (N.1:18 and N.2:16) of the building were described as badly broken and pockmarked by wall collapse. On top of these floors were storage jars, basins, and cookware that had been crushed when upper masonry courses fell onto them. The ceramics belonged to the Byzantine–Umayyad transitional period.

Walker and LaBianca (2003:453–454) observed that the only identified foundation trench (N.2:25) contained no pottery, while the overlying fill yielded late Umayyad and Abbasid ceramics. Although its original construction date remains uncertain, the excavators concluded that the field N building was occupied in the mid-7th century CE, suffered a sudden catastrophic event, and was later reused into the 9th century CE. Walker and LaBianca (2003:453–454) further noted that the fallen masonry, crushed pottery, and deformed floors — which appeared to have “melted” around collapsed blocks — together with deep ash pits and lenses, bore witness to a major conflagration accompanying the earthquake damage.

By Jefferson Williams