Phase II of Stratum IVb Earthquake Open this page in a new tab

Walker and LaBianca (2003:447–453) uncovered late fourteenth–early fifteenth century CE archaeoseismic evidence from Mamluk-period structures in Field L at Heshbon. In this area, they identified a complex of rooms which they identified as “the residence of the Mamluk governor of the al-Balqaʾ.” Walker and LaBianca (2003:447) used ceramics to assign the storeroom complex of L.1 and L.2 to Stratum IVb of the fourteenth century (1300–1400 CE). The storeroom, which was comprised of three phases, sufferred earthquake damage at the end of the second phase (Phase II). They wrote that earthquake damage was everywhere evident in the L.2 part of the storeroom, with walls knocked out of alignment, collapsed vaults, and extensive ash cover, the result of a "large conflagration likely brought on by oil lamps that had fallen from the upper stories.”

The excavators uncovered “thousands of fragments of glazed pottery, crushed by the vault stones that fell on them; nearly complete sugar storage jars; dozens of channel-nozzle and pinched lamps, many interspersed among fallen vault stones; fragments of bronze weaponry; painted jars and jugs; and occasional fragments of metal bowls" on the beaten-earth floor (L.1:17–L.2:12) of the Mamluk-period Stratum IVb storeroom. Walker and LaBianca (2003) added that “there is evidence that the earth floor was originally plastered, as traces of white plaster were noticeable in the corners of the room, along the base of the walls at some places, and at the doorway." Earthquake and fire damage was so severe, they state, that "most of the plaster was destroyed.”

The overlying layer consisted of a "meter-thick fill of loess (L.1:3, L.2:7)" which "covered the floor (L.1:17, L.2:12)," bearing witness to "centuries of abandonment after the partial collapse of the covering vaults". The uppermost levels of the storeroom (L.2:3) above this fill were largely disturbed by a Stratum I Ottoman-period cemetery.

Walker et al. (2017) likewise recorded archaeoseismic evidence that appears to derive from the same earthquake in Field M (also known as Area M). They reported that “earthquake (misaligned stones in architecture throughout field; collapse of vaulting and walls) destroys parallel chambers in M4, M5, M8 and M9; area abandoned.”

By Jefferson Williams