Mid-8th Century CE Earthquake
El-Khouri and Omoush (2015:14)
identified two Abbasid occupation phases at Gadara: the first spanning
750–800 CE and the second 800–1000/1050 CE. They reported evidence of
"ancient wall destruction (fallen stone layers)" beneath Abbasid strata
in Squares F5 and F6, along with reuse of architectural elements and the
destruction of a mosaic floor in earlier layers
(El-Khouri and Omoush 2015:16–17).
The dating was established on the basis of pottery.
Vriezen and Mulder (1997:323)
reported that two churches at Gadara were destroyed by an earthquake,
“presumably the earthquake of 749.” These churches, located on the
Terrace along the western slope of the
acropolis,
included a
centralised church
tentatively dated to the early 6th century CE and a
basilica
dated to the mid-7th century CE. Both were erected atop earlier Roman
remains and were destroyed during the mid-8th-century seismic event.
Walmsley (2007)
observed that “at Jadar [Gadara], on a ridge overlooking Lake Tiberias,
the columns of the main east-west
decumanus
were toppled by the
earthquake …, permanently terminating the late-antique configuration of
the town.”