Stratum IV Destruction - Early Bronze IB
Stratum IV ended in fire and destruction.
Rast and Schaub (2003:129) report that "in most
of the areas where Stratum IV structures were found, the remains of
these structures were accompanied by a thick layer of dark ash."
Because "plant remains were absent in the examination of many samples
taken from the ash," the "burned debris in the Stratum IV structures
appears not to have been occupational" – i.e. it wasn't due to a
kitchen fire. Something external appears to have burned the site. In
Area F, demolished brick structures were found along with a "thick
ashy burn layer," 25 cm thick in some places
(Rast and Schaub, 2003:102–103). In Area F4, bricks
from the Stratum IV buildings were found settled into the ash,
indicating that fire preceded collapse. In Area XII, the ashy deposit
was widespread, as thick as 50 cm, and accompanied by mud-brick debris
and pottery sherds
(Rast and Schaub, 2003:115–116).
Rast and Schaub (2003:155) suggested a date range
for Stratum IV, based on pottery, between 3200 and 3100 BCE in Early
Bronze IB. This date assessment was found to be compatible with three
Stratum IV 14C dates.
Rast and Schaub (2003:130) suggested that the cause
of destruction may have been an Egyptian attack – an explanation they
found "preferable to other explanations such as a natural calamity or
local conflict." That said,
Rast and Schaub (2003:130) noted that "if an
Egyptian attack against the Stratum IV village had been carried out,
the former left no evidence of having taken over the site, which seems
to have been resettled in Stratum III, at least in part, by people from
the previous village" as "following EB I, the artifactual and
architectural data speak for some measure of continuity in the
population."