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Azaz

 Possible location of Azaz Citadel

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Names
Transliterated Name Source Name
Azaz Arabic أَعْزَاز
ʾAʿzāz Arabic أَعْزَاز
Azázion Medieval Greek Αζάζιον
Azazuwa Hurrian
Ḥzz Old Aramaic
Ḫazazu Neo-Assyrian
Hazart Crusader
Introduction
Introduction

Azaz had several names over its history - e.g. Azazuwa in Hurrian, Ḫazazu in Neo-Assyrian, Hzz in Old Aramaic, and Azázion in Medieval Greek. Although rarely mentioned in Islamic texts prior to the 12th century, excavations have revealed considerable quantities of ceramics from the early and middle Islamic periods (Eger, p. 88) and the Hamdanids of Aleppo built a brick citadel on top of a tell in Azaz sometime in the last half of the 10th century CE (Bylinski, 2004:161). Due to its topography and location close to Aleppo and between Antioch and Edessa, Azaz was of strategic importance during Crusader times and was fought over and/or exchanged hands on several occasions until it finally fell to Zengid leader Nur ad-Din in June 1150 ( Deschamps, 1973:344).

During Ayyubid rule in the late 12th century CE, the citadel at Azaz was rebuilt (Bylinski, 2004:161). The Mamluk Sultanate ruled the area starting in the 13th century. This apparently lasted until the Ottoman Turks took over in 1516.

Aerial Views
Aerial Views

Aerial Views

  • Azaz in Google Earth
  • Possible location of Azaz Citadel in Google Earth

Textual Chronology
1114 CE Marash Quake

Discussion

Discussion

Textual Seismic Effects
1114 CE Marash Quake

Effect Location Image(s) Description
  • Fortress ruined (Collapsed walls)
Azaz
  • "a terrible earthquake laid waste the districts of Aleppo, Harran, Antioch, Mar’ash and the Syrian borders. The tower of the north gate of Antioch and a few houses in the high quarter [Akabah] collapsed and there were numerous victims. As the fort of A’zaz was no more than a ruin, the governor went to seek asylum at Aleppo, but when he arrived he was put to death by order of Lulu, with whom he was at logger heads; Lulu charged another governor to re-populate and repair the fort.” - Kemal ad-Din (aka Ibn Al-Adim)

Textual Intensity Estimates
1114 CE Marash Quake

  • Earthquake Archeological Effects chart of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224)
Effect Location Image(s) Description Intensity
  • Fortress ruined (Collapsed walls)
Azaz
  • "a terrible earthquake laid waste the districts of Aleppo, Harran, Antioch, Mar’ash and the Syrian borders. The tower of the north gate of Antioch and a few houses in the high quarter [Akabah] collapsed and there were numerous victims. As the fort of A’zaz was no more than a ruin, the governor went to seek asylum at Aleppo, but when he arrived he was put to death by order of Lulu, with whom he was at logger heads; Lulu charged another governor to re-populate and repair the fort.” - Kemal ad-Din (aka Ibn Al-Adim)
  • VIII+
This evidence requires a minimum Intensity of VIII (8) when using the Earthquake Archeological Effects chart of Rodríguez-Pascua et al (2013: 221-224).

Notes and Further Reading
References
Wikipedia pages

Azaz



Battle of Azaz (1125)