Around 65 BCE, as Roman General Pompey was advancing through Anatolia, Syria, and Judea, a strong earthquake, the ~65 BCE Pompey Quake, struck Syria, likely affecting Antioch. Accounts of this event survive in four ancient historians—Justinus (quoting Trogus), John Malalas, Dio Cassius, and Orosius—writing between the 1st and 6th centuries CE. Their reports are chronologically vague but agree that the shock was powerful. Of the four, only John Malalas specifically mentioned Antioch, writing that after Pompey conquered and entered the city, he rebuilt “the bouleuterion, for it had fallen down.” Malalas did not, however, explicitly attribute its collapse to the earthquake. Ambraseys (2009) dated the event to 69–66 BCE, while Guidoboni et al. (1994) estimated that it occurred between 66 and 64 BCE. Both noted difficulties in reconciling the chronology. Jordan Pickett in De Giorgi et al. (2024:436–438) did not document any archaeoseismic evidence in Antioch for the ~65 BCE Pompey Quake.