Phase 2 Earthquake
Mare (1984)
observed a destruction layer in a
triapsidal
basilica on the north Tall in Area A. He
reports that “on the preserved surface of the
apse" and in much of the area on both sides
of the apse was "a layer of plaster that, due to the
Umayyad pottery sherds found there," suggests that
the plaster surfaces were laid "subsequent to the time of the Umayyad conquest
in A.D. 636” and the church was destroyed afterwards. He adds that “violent
earthquake activity" may have also been responsible for
"displacing of
ashlar
blocks” and that this may
suggest an 8th century date for the church’s destruction,
possibly "the earthquake of
A.D. 746 [JW: actually 749] which caused great
destruction at nearby Tiberias and Jerash.”
Vila in Lichtenberger and Raja (2025: 99) likewise
concluded that the
triapsidal
basilica on the north Tall in Area A was
destroyed by a mid-8th-century CE earthquake, after
which he contends it was used for domestic and light industrial
purposes during the Early Abbasid period.
Vila in Lichtenberger and Raja (2025) also reported
that the church on the south Tall in Area D appears to
have been destroyed by the same earthquake.
Archaeoseismic evidence uncovered in excavations of
this church included an oriented fall of
Corinthian columns
and depressions in the floor of the
nave where
fallen ashlars impacted. Finally,
Vila in Lichtenberger and Raja (2025) also noted
mid-8th-century CE earthquake evidence in the
basilica of Area E, including an oriented column fall,
“indentations in the floor surfaces from ashlars that
fell from a significant height,” and several “whole
objects, such as a green glazed pot and other pottery
and metal objects which clearly belong to the eighth
century and were crushed under falling debris.”