Ambraseys (1962)

Tsunami Catalog

Warning: There are typos

Explanation Page

The catalogue is arranged in the following manner. Dates are given in the new style (Gregorian). They are followed by the name of the region in which the seismic sea-wave was felt. This is followed by the name of cities, towns or areas which were particularly affected. The intensity of the wave 15 given in-small roman numerals in brackets, and it refers to Sieberg's modified intensity scale which is appended at the end of the paper. Where the height of the wave on land or the distance which flooded inland is known, this is indicated as (H =) and (L =) respectively. Next, the geographical coordinates of the epicentre of the main earthquake shock, when known (104-115), are given together with the intensity of the shock (I = in the Modified Mercalli scale), magnitude (M = after Gutenberg) and the focal depth (d =, s: shallow, n: normal, i: intermediate). This is followed by the references consulted which are pertinent to the phenomenon itself, to the accompanying earthquake, and to the information necessary for the dating of the event. Numerals outside the parentheses refer to references in the Bibliography. In the parentheseH roman numerals refer to the book (liber) and the following numbers to the chapter and line respectively of the text. P: refers to a standard system of pagination whil, p: indicates the page. Folio is indicated by f:. Page references to an authority is not given when the material in that authority is arranged chronologically. Entries marked with an asterisk are doubtful events quoted mostly by modern writers, which have been included for the sake of completeness.

Place names mentioned -in the originals suffered - many changes during historical and recent times. When these differ from those of today, the former are shown in brackets where they first occur, and the modern name is used thereafter. Modern place names are spelt after Lippincott (133).

The Catalog

1. II millenium B.C. Syrian coasts (vi?). From cuneiform texts 101, 178, 179, 197.

2. 1410 ± 100. North coast of Crete, Grecian Archipelago (vi?). 73, 109, 111, 114, 143, 144.

3. 1365 ± 5. Syrian coasts, Ugarit near Minet-el-Beida (vi?). 130, 178, 179.

4. c. 1300. Ionian coasts and towns in Asia Minor, Troad (v?). 24.

5. c. 760. Coasts of Israel and Lebanon. Amos (i, 1); Zacharias (xiv, 5).

6 The name Arbacha in the texts, which corresponds to the Greek Arrhapachitis, and to the Armenian Albok, indicates rather to the mountains on the upper Zahb and hence to the lakes Van and -Urmiah as the probable places at which the seismic sea-wave occurred. Mallet (p. 1) dates this event 880 or 870 B.C. But Amos 9) suggests that he had experienced the eclipse of 1st June 763 and dates his vision (i, 1) explicitly after this event. Cf : Oppoize(, R. (1880) Monatsber. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 184, and Schnieder (1878) Keilinschriften and Geschichtsforschung, p. 338 et seq.

6. c. 590. Coasts of Lebanon. Sur (Tyre) (vi?). 182 (p. 198). Not found in early texts.

7. c. 525.* Coasts of Lebanon, Saida (Sidon). 182 (p. 198), 183 (p. 801); no authority is quoted. No mention of a seismic sea-wave by chroniclers who describe the earthquake. Cf. 27, 26, 10 (i, 3.16) 18 (xxiv, 24).

8. 470 Whiter. Chalcidice. Isthmus of Kassandra, Potidaea (iii). 8 (viii, 120), cf. 220.

9. 426 Summer. Euboean and Malian Gulfs, Phthiotian coasts (v) Eulmetin coasts (iv), Island of Skopelos (iii), 23, 21 (iii, 89.2), 6 (xii, 58), 19 (i, 3.20).

10. 373 Winter. Gulf of Corinth. Helice (v). 25, 6 (xv, 49), 3a li, 66; ii, 8), 3b (396), 19 (viii, 7) 1 ((xi, 19), 12 (viii, 24.6), 18 (vi, 23, 26, vii, 5, 16) 14 (ii, 206), 11 (xv, 293).

11. c. 330.* Eastern Sporades Islands. Island of Chryse. Sieberg (19132a) p. 221 alludes to it seismic sea- WaVe to have accompanied the sinking of Chryse c. 330. No such event IS mentioned by chroniclers of the time. Moreover, Chryse was afloat in 72 B.C., Cf- 2 (xii, 77), 12 33.4), 169, 193, 124 (p. 146).

12. 222.* Island of Rhodes. City of Rhodes. This event Sieberg (19320), p. 204, mistakes for that of 142 A.D. No seismic sea-Wave followed this earthquake which, 110 xvever, should have occurred between 229 and 226 11.01, and riot in 222. Cf: 16 (v, 88), li (xxvi, S), -12 (xxx, 4), 20 (iv, 13), 19 (xxvi, 8), 12 (ii, 7.1), 46 (iv), 7 (235, 2)7).

13. 138. Coasts of Israel and Lebanon. Between Are (Ptolemais) and Sur (iv). 27, 4 333c), 19 (.\vi, 2.26; 2.10), 18 (vi, 24).

14. 58. Albanian coasts. Durazzo (Dyrrhachion) (iii). 15 (Cie. 31, 32), 5 (xxxviii, 17).

15. 23 3. Egyptian coasts between Alexandria and Pelusium (iii). 19 (i, 3.17; ii, 5.12; xi v, 1.4), A seismic sett-wave probably connected with the 26 P.C. earthquake in. Cyprus, cf.: 48 (P. 259) 12-1 (p 168).

16 46* A.D. South Coasts of Crete. Sieberg (182, p. 217) mislead by Raulin dates this wave 16 years too early; cf. 177.

17. 62. South coasts of Crete. Lebena 13 (iv, 34), 88.

18. 76.* Cyprus. Kition, Paphos and Salamis. 155 (p 139), 183 (p. 775). I )oulitful event based solely on a misinterpretation by Oberhummer of an allegorical statement in the Sibylline Oracles (iv, lines 125, 121i, 140, 141). Compare Oberhuminer's Greek_ text wit h originals (190), (198). Correct translation of Creek text indicates storm sea-waves, not uncommon in Cyprus, 67, 68. Contemporary and later writers do not mention seismic sea-wave in 76 A.D., 40 (vii), 45 P. 342), 48 (P. 277), 30 (P. 248), 39 (P..541, 50 (vii, 9.11), 89 (p. 459).

19. 142. ;Island of Rhodes. Rhodes (iv), Islands of Kos, Seriplios and Syme (iii). 47. 12 viii, 43.3), 9 (ix, 1), 7 (iv, 14.4), 120, 123, 134.

20. 262. South coasts of Asia Minor (iv?). 22 (v, 2.6), 89 (p. 409), 809 ("))) 1).

21. 315. Dead Sea' (iii). 52 (P. 100).

' Mallet (p. 5) gives an earthquake it) the Dead Sea on the authority of Ritter, which we were unable to check. The same event is described by Moses Khoren (iii, 8), but only Acogh 'ig adds that this was followed by an inundation of the sea. From Acogh'ig's narration it appears that this event occurred in the lake Van rather than in the Dead Sea. Also, this event is usually dated in 344 or 345 A.D. The translators of Armenian texts have not perceived the chronological difficulties that occur in the MSS of Moses and Acogh'ig and have committed an anachronism of exactly 30 years; cf. 116.

22. 342.* Cyprus. Famagusta. 155 (p. 110), .182. Oberhummer misinterprets the Creek text in Malalas's narrative for this 'earthquake; 34 (xii. 0415). No seismic sea-.wave acteont Panied this earthquake, cf: 36 (P. 30c, 31a), 7 (1'. 183), 38 (1). 29), 21) (P. 208). 51 (ii, 10), 44 (iii, (i), 184 (v, P. 1(i9), 50 (vi, P. 442), 154 Oh P. 343), 10-1, 176.

'23. 344. Dardanelles (Hellespontos) and Niksar (Neocriesitria) (iv), Thracian coasts (iii). 29 (P. 298c), 184 (v, P. 110, line 3(i).

24. 348. Syrian coasts. Beirut (iii?), Arwad Islands (iii?). 182 ;p. 199). Not found in contemporary writers.

25. 362. Dead Sea, Jordanian coasts (iii?). 182 (1). 192), 183 (p. 801). No authority is quoted. Chronographers of the time who describe the earthquake (lc) not mention it seismic sea-wave, 10 (xxiii, 13), 72, and cross-references in 180 (p. 148).

26. 365 July 21. Eastern 'Mediterranean. Met hone, Epidaurus, Crete (iv), Boeotian costs , Adriatic coasts, Epirus, Alexandria (According to Hoff (p. 182), probably not Alexandria in Egypt, but Alexandria Troas in Asia, '_Minor.), Sicily (iii-). 10 (xxvi, 10.15), 40 (i, P. 394), 29 (P. 310c, d, 314c, d), 31 (P. 255c), 36 (P. 47d), 34 (xiii), 30 (P. 310b), 43 (i, 521, 621), 54a (P. 65), 77 (iv, p. 187), 89 (P. 526), 82.

27. 447 November. Sea of Marmara. Marmara Islands, Dardanelles, and the coasts of Mar- mara (iv), Constantinople (iii). 49 (i, 17).

28. 450 January. Sea of Marmara, Constantinople (iii). Lycosthenes mentions an inundation of the sea but we find no mention of it in contemporary chronicles: 30 (P. 572), 89 (p. 552).

29. 542 Winter. Sea of Marmara. Thracian coasts and Gulf of Edremit (iv). 29 (P. 374d, 375b), 31 (P. 269c), 36 (P. 189), 38 (P. 64), 34 (xviii, P. 224), 17a (ii, 22.1, 24.8-12, vi, 3.1, 4.17) 17b (iv, 1, vi, 22, xviii, 44), 41 (19), 49 (iv, 29), 89.

30. 551 Spring. Malian Gulf. Achinos, Tarphe (iv). 17a (viii, 25.20), 17c (iv, 23), 49 (iv, 23).

31. 551 July 9. Syrian coasts. Votrys near Jubeil (Bybios) (iii+), Tarabulus (Tripolis), Beirut 29 (P. 376b), 34 (xviii, 0230), 54a (P. 81), 91, 124 (p. 191).

32. 554 August 15. Southwest coasts of Asia Minor, Mandalya, Bay, Island of Kos, Sporades Isis (iv). 29 (P. 384d), 28 (ii, P.51.16), 31 (P. 269c1), 34 (xviii, 0231), 36 (P. 194), 184 (xx, 31), 125.

33. 740 October 26. Sea of Marmara, Izmit, Iznik Lake, Thracian coasts of Marmara (iii). 37 (ii, xv, P. 105), 36 (P. 345), 29 (P. 458), 38 (P. 137), 89 (p. 628), 61.

34. 741) January 18. Syrian and Egyptian coasts (iii). 58a (i, 17). There is a misprint in E1-Macin's Latin translation by Erpenius; the year should read 128 A.H., cf : British Museum MSS.

35. 792. Gulf of Venice, coasts of Istria and Jugoslavian coasts of the Adriatic sea (iv). 195, 166.

36. 803 December 19. Gulf of Iskenderun. Masisa coast (iii). 62b (f. 20a).

37. 859 November. Syrian coasts, near Samandag (iii). 58a (ii, 11), 581) (ii, 31), 62a (P. 364), 62b (ii, 31), 54b (P. 261), 61.

38. 811.* Coasts of Israel and Egypt, from Acre to Alexandria. Sieberg (1932a), p. 103, 'Ms- lead probably by Tholozan (p. 1065) who erred in translating the muslim date of the event, describes the seismic sea-wave which occurred in August 1303. Tholozan's description of the event is identical to that given by Macirizi (P. 581-583), for 1303.

39. 957. Caspian Sea (iii).9 62a (P. 419), 55 (ii, P. 467), 54a (P. 183), 60 (P. 167).

It is not clear whether it should be the Caspian Sea or the Persian Gulf. In the various MSS this is given as the "Great Sea" cf. 171, 87. We believe, however, that here it should mean the Caspian Sea. It is very probable that the changes in the level of the Caspian, some of which there is reason to believe have occurred within the historical era, and the geological appearances in the 'district, indicating the .desertion by the Sea of its ancient bed, had led Omar El'Aalem (X-th century A.D.) to his theory of a general lowering of the waters or Ow Caspian. See 124 (vol. 1, p. 406).

40. 975 October 26. Constantinople and Thracian' coatits (iii). 33 (P. 109), 61, 100 (p. 132, 180).

41. 991* April 5. Coasts of Syria. 182a (p. 199). According to Arab and Syrian chronographers of the time this earthquake was not accompanied by a seismic sea-wave.

42. 1034 January 4. Coasts of Lebanon and Israel. Acre (iv).10 54a (P. 216), 61, 124 (p. 207).

Perrey (1850) and others date this event in 1032 A.D.

43. 1039* January. Constantinople. Duck (p. 133) quotes Cedrinos (ii, P. 532) for this seismic sett-wave, but we can find no mention in that author.

44: 1050'.* - Grecian Archipelago. Thera (Santorin), 127. Most pr ably a misprint for 1550.

45. 1068 March 18. Coasts of Israel at Hoiots Ashod and Yavne (iv), 62a (P. 441), 62b (fol. 26b), 55 (iii, 211), 61, 53, Mukhtar Pasha (Calend. vol. 2, p. 234), 124.

46. 1202 May 22. Syrian coasts (v), Cyprus (iv), Egypt (iii). 57 (ii, 3, P. 265). 621) (f. 34b-30b 61, Nowairi (Leyden MS, Pt. 26, f. 118); 85.

47. 1222 May. Cyprus. Limassol and Paphos (iv). 142, 156, 157, 93.

48. 1273 September. Albanian coasts. Durazzo (iii). 35 (v, P. 242), 141 (p. 143).

49. 1303 August 8. Egyptian coasts (v), Syrian coasts (iv), Crete (iv:'). 50a (P. 581-383i. 590 (f. 230, MS Nr. 708), 02b (f. 38), 55 (v, P. 191), 35 (v, P. 273), 134 (vol. 9, p. 254c; vol. 14, p. 1123d). See also in 85, Mahasin (MS Nr. 663, f. 61), Fbn A'jias (Hist. Aegypt.. vol. 1, f. 126).

50. 1303 December. Crete (iv), Southwest coasts of Peloponnesus and Rhodes (iii;, Egyptian coasts and Adriatic Sea (iii?). 35 (v, P. 273), 62b (f. 390), 154 (vol. 22, P. 177a, 772e), 66.

51. 1332 February 12. Sea of Marmara. Constantinople (iii+) 32 (P. 283), 61.

52. 1344 October 14. Sea of Marmara. Thracian coasts (iv), (L = 2 km). 32 (P. 434-435), 61, 141 (p. 76), Also in Oxford Bodl. Libr., Coxe. 6.351, fols. 378, 380, 426 of the Varokkikos Codex.

53. 1389 March 20. Island of Chios (iii). In the Allatiano Codex (MS Vallicelliana Libr. Coxe. 31. cxvi, Rome), 174 (p. 46).

54.1403 November 16. Syrian coasts, Asia Minor south coasts (iii). 62b (f. 42a), 154 (vol. 18, P. 974).

55. 1481 May 3. Rhodes (iii), (H = (L = 200'). 95, 75 (p. 292-293).

56. 1489. South coasts of Asia Minor. Antalya (iii). 132.

57. 1494 July 1. Crete. Herakleion (Candia) (ii+). 90.

58. 1508 May 29. South coasts of Crete (iii-), north coasts (iii) From various MSS in 141 and 164.

59. 1509 September 14. Constantinople (iii). 135, 69, 129, 81 (p. 538), 119, 61.

60. 1534. Coasts of Israel. Jaffa (iii). 182 (p. 193). Not found in contemporary writers.

61. 1546 January 14. Coasts of Israel and Lebanon. From Gaza to Jaffa, (iii+). Bernhertz on the authority of Fincellius (Wunderzeychen, vol. 2, p. 221) and Zacharias Rivamier (1581). We have not been able to consult these references. A wave is also mentioned by Holt (p. 255), Techener, and Braslafski.

62. 1612 November 8. North coasts of Crete (v-). 81 (p. 555), 164 (p. 488), 220 (1(i12, Nr. 1 Suppl.)

63. 1629. March 9. Islands of Cythern and Crete (iii?). Various MSS in 141 (p. 104-5), 16-1 (p. 488).

64. 163:3 November 5. Zante, South coasts (iii-) on the promontory of Agios Sostis. 83, 96, 76 (p. 14). Sieberg (1932a) gives a. wave at the promontory of Agios Sostis for the 511) May 1622. We have been unable to justify Sieberg's statement.

65. 1646 April 5. Constantinople (iii). 139, 61, 125 (p. 110), 124.

66. 1650 October 9. Thera (vi), west coasts of Patmos (H = 100'), east coasts = 90'), Ios = 60'), Sikinos (v) Kett, Crete (iv-- ). Various MSS in 141 (p. 05-100), 164 (p. 489), 64, 173 (p. 16)i-171); 98, 102, 1(i9, 170 (p, 426).

67. 1667 April 6. Dalmatian coasts. Dubrovnik (Ragusa) (iii+) 86 (p. 881 ), 81 (p. 370), 153 (p. 12), 117 (107), 168 (p. 15).

68. 1667 November 30. Asia Minor. Smyrna (ii). 81 (p. 572).

69. 1672* April. Islet of Stanchio. No wave accompanied the subsidence of the islet, 207 (\ r. 14 175( ), 125 (p. 111), 124 (p. 324 J.

70. 1088 July 10. Asia Minor. Smyrna (ii). 81, 213 (vol. 2, p. 37), 128, 124 (p. 338).

71. 1723 February 21. Ionian Islands. Leukas (iii?). (lalanopoulos (19(i1), p. 15 on (he authority of Tsitselis. We have not been able to check this reference. Barbiani does not mention a seismic sea-wave.

72. 1732. Ionian Islands. Corfu (ii-). 76 (p. 20), 220 (March 1732, p. 540).

73. 1748 May 14. North Peloponnesus. Aigion (iii). 225 (vol. 14, p. 66), 104.

74. 1750 September 17, Adriatic Sea. Fiume (iv). 220 (April 1751), 167.

75. 1752 July 21. Syrian coasts (iii?). Sieberg (1932a), p. 200; no authority is quoted.

76. 1759 October 30. Coasts of Israel and Lebanon. Acre (H = 8') (iv- ). 220 (December 1759), 211 (March 1st, 8th 1760), 220 (February 1760), 175.

77. 1766 May 22. Constantinople (ii). 211 (July 4, 17(16), 216 (July, August 17(i6), 210 )1. 7, p. 477), 100 (p. 137), 141 (p. 78).

78. 1791 November:2. Ionian Islands: Between Zante zuiti the mainland (iii- t. 140, 76.

79. 1802 January 4. Adriatic Sea. Fiume (iii). 221 (10th year, Nrs. Pluviese 7, 10, 16, 25 and Ventose 3).

80. 1804 June 8. Northwest coasts of Peloponnesus. Patras (iii). (38,1 N 2111 41, I = IX, M = ?, d = n) 215 (Thermiclor 10), 221 (Thermidor 10), 124, 76.

81. 1 d 817 August 23. Gulf of Corinth. Aigion (iii+). (381 X 221 E, I = X, M = ?, = n) 212 (vol. 88, pt. 1, p. 71), 215 (November 21 1817, January 10 1818), 108, 113.

82. 1818* January. Athens. Mallet (p. 212 + 114) mistakes the event before mentioned.

83. 1821 January 6. Gulf of Corinth. Alcyonic Sea (iv). (37:1 N 211 E, I = X, = ?, d = n) 186, 124 (156), 140, 161, 104.

84. 1823 August 20. Dalmatian coasts. Dubrovnik (iv). 201 (vol. 33, p. 408), 228 (vol. 62 P. 315), 161.

85. 1825 January 19. Ionian Islands. Leukas, between the islet of Sessoula and east coasts of the island (iii?). (385 N 204 E, I = XI, M = ?, d. = n) 188.

86. 1829 May 23. Constantinople (ii). 203 (Nr. 184, p. 955, 1829), 100.

87. 1833 January 19. Albanian coasts. Valona and Saseno Isle (iv). 117, 138, 1-18.

88. 1835 July 12. Ionian Islands. Zante (ii). 94, 76.

89. 1837 January 1. Syrian and Israeli coasts of Tiberias (iv). 152, 94, 221 (24 February, 22 May)

90. 1843 September 14. Dalmatia. Dubrovnik, Gruz (Gravosa) (iv). 205 (5, 13, 15 October 1843), 217 (14 December 1843), 227 (12, 14 October 1843), 206 (9 October 1843).

91. 1844 March 3. Dalmatia. Dubrovnik (iii). 205 (10 April 1844), 131.

92. 1844 March 23. Dalmatia. Dubrovnik (ii). 161.

93. 1845 August 16. Dalmatia. Dubrovnik, GrUZ (iii). 204 (18 September 1845), 209 (18 Sep- teber 1845), 215 (August 1845), 221 (August, September 1845), 100. m

94. 1851 February 28. Asia Minor. Fetiye (iii) (H = 2'). 162.

95. 1851 April 3. Asia Minor. Fetiye (iii) (H = 6'). 162.

96. 1851 May 23. .Khalki Isle, Rhodes (ii). 162.

97. 1851 October 12. Albanian coasts, Valona (II = 2') (iii). 117, 146, 148, 153, 162.

98. 1852 May 12. Asia Minor, Smyrna (iii). 162.

99. 1852 September 8. Asia Minor. Smyrna (iii). 162, 180, 1-19.

100. 1853 August 18. Euboean Gulf (iii+);.(38,1 N-23-1 F, I = IX, M = ?, c1 = n) 180 (p. 44).113,

101. 1855 February 13. Asia Minor, Fetiye (iii). 180 (p. 45, 175), 163.

102. 1856 November 13. Eastern Sporades. Chios (iii+). (381 N 26) E, I = IX, M = ? c1 = n) 118, 199, 107.

103. 1859* October 20. Piraeus (ii). 180 (p. 186). Most probably a strong seiche.

104. 1861 December 26. Gulf of Corinth. Northeast coasts (H = 7') (iv) South coasts (iii). (3134 N-221, E, I.-- XI, n) 150, 180, 1.81; 74 1150,108, 113.

105. 1866 January 2. Albanian coasts. Valona, Himara (iv). 180, 146, 148, 153.

106. 1866 January 6. Albanian coasts. Valona, Narta (iii), 148.

107. 1866 February 2. Eastern Sporades. Chios (iii). 103 (p. -141), 180.

108. 1866 February 6. South coasts of Peloponnesus. Island of Kythera (H = 26') (iv). 102 (p. 441), 182, 108, 113.

109. 1860 March 3. Albanian coasts. Valona (iii). 180 (p. 223), 148.

110. 1866 March (i. Albanian coasts. Himara, Kanina (iv). 180 (p. 223), 146, 148, 153.

111. 1866 March 13. Albanian coasts. Himara, Kanina (iii). NG, 148.

112. 1867 September 20. South coasts of Peloponnesus, Gythion (iv), Crete, 'Elerahleion r iv), Ionian Islands, Syros (iii), Southeast coasts of Italy (ii+). (361 N-221 E, I = IX. 1N4 = ? , d = n) 210 (Nr. 1325), 180 (p. 104, 150), 103, 108, 113.

113. 1869 December 28. Albanian coasts. Valona (iii). (38) N-2011 E, I = XI. M = ?, d = ui 210 (Nr. 1883), 153, 148, 106.

114. 1870 June 24. Alexandria (iii). 103 (p. 529), 180.

115. 1870 July 29. Adriatic Sea. Island of Vis (Lissa) (iii). 218 (Nr. 1414), 103 (p. 259).

116. 1878 April 19. Sea of Marmara. Izmid 103 (p. 459, 486), 108.

117. 1883 June 27. Ionian Islands. Corfu (iii). (391 N-20 .E, I = VI, M d = 11) 222 N 171), 107, 112, 113.

118. 1886 August 27. South coasts of Peloponnesus. Messenia, Pylos (iii); Asia Minor, Smyrna (ii). (37 N-21 E, I = XI, M = ?, d = i) 222 (Nr. 228-249), 214 (Nr. 279-308), 202 (Nr. 953), 223 (Nr. 86), 226 (Nr. 608), 196, 158, 145, 107, 112, 113.

119. 1887 October 4. Gulf of Corinth. South coasts, Xylokastro (iii), between Xylokastro and Sykia (L = (i5'). (38t E, 1 = VIII, 1I = ?, d = n) 222 (Nr. 257-271), 200 (Nr. 1023-1929), 224 (Nr. 7032-7041), 208 (Nr. 204-298), 226 (Nr. 659), 107, 112, 113.

120. 1893 February 9. Sporades Islands. North coast of Samothrace. (H = 3') (iii+), androupolis (H = 3', L = 130') Thracian coasts (401 N-251 E, I = IX, M. = ?, d= n) 92, 108, 112, 113.

121. 1893 June 14. Albanian coasts. Valona, Himara (iii). 117, 116, 148, 153.

122. 1894 April 27. Euboean Gulf. Atalanta Bay (If = 10') (iv), West and Northwest coasts of Euboean Gulf (iii). (38.7 N-23.1 E, I = XI, M = ?, d = n) 185, 159, 74 (p. 160), 112, 113.

123. 1894 July 10. Constantinople (iii). 100 (pp. 139, 180-185).

124. 1898 December 3. Ionian Islands. Zante (ii+). (37 N-21 E, I = VII, M = ?, d = n) 112.

125. 1899 January 22. Messenia, Nyparissiar Marathos (371 N-21* E, I = Il, lI = ?, d = n) 151, 78 (p. 121).

126. 1902 July 5. Salonika (4(14 N-2131, E, I = IX, M = ?, d = nj 126.

127. 1908 Deeentber 28. Lybian 'Sea. 90 miles north'of Alexandria (v), Egyptian coasis 137.

128. 1914 November 27. Ionian Islands. Levkas (H = 11') (iv±). (38 N-20i E, 1 = X, M n) 106, 108.

129. 1915 August 7. Ionian Islands. Between Cephalonia, and Levkas (iii+). (381 N-201 E, I = IX, M = 01, d = nj 108, 112, 113.

130. 1020 December 18. Albanian coasts. Valona (iv), Saseno (v-). 147, 146, 148, 153, 138.

131. 1928 March 31. Asia Minor. Smyrna (ii). 70.

132. 1928 April 23-25. Grecian Archipelago; Piraeus, Challis, Nauplion, Alexandroupolis (H = 2') (ii); Crete, (Mania, Karystos (EI = 3') (ii+); Crete (H = 7') 71, 97, 121, 122.

133. 1928 May 3. Eastern Greece, Strymonic Gulf (ii). 71.

134. 1032 September 26. Gulf of Hierissos. Chalcidice (401. N-23l1 111, I = X, _AI = 6.0, d= n) 79.

135. 1947 October G. South Peloponnesus. Met hone in Messenin (ii+j. (3)1.9 N-22 E, 1 = M= 7, d 28) 105, 113.

136. 1948 February 0. Dodecanese. Island of Karpathos = 3000') (iv). (351- N-27 E. I = IX. M --= 7.1, d = 40) 108, 112, 113.

137. 1948 April 22. Ionian Islands. Levkas (H = 3') (381 N-201,- E, 1 = X. M = (5.4, d= n) 108, 112, 113.

138. 1956 July 9. Grecian Archipelago. Amorgos (H = 100'), Astipalaea (H = (.i7'), Pholegan- tiros (11 = 33'), Patmos = 13'), Kalininos (H = 12'), Crete (II = 10'), Tinos (II = 9'). (v to iii). (36.9 X-2(i E, I = TX, 51 = 7.8, d = 20?) (15, 110, 112, 113.

139. 1956 November 2. Magnessia. Volos (H = 4') (iH-) (301 N-23 E, 1 = VII, 51 = 51, (1 = n) 112, 114.

140. 1959* February 23. North and west coasts of the Grecian Archipelago." Salonika (H = 3' Salamis (H = 1) Leros (H = 1), Crete (1-1 = 2'). No earthquake shock was recorded. Most, probably a seiche.

141. 1961* June 6. Grecian Archipelago." Crete (El = Volos 1'), Leros (II = 1'). Probably strong seiche.

Modified Sieberg Seismic Sea-Wave Intensity Scale

Very light. Wave so weak as to be perceptible only on tide-gauge records.

Light. -Wave noticed by those living along the shore and familiar with the sea. On very flat shores generally noticed.

Rather strong. Generally noticed. Flooding of gently sloping coasts. Light sailing vessels carried away on shore. Slight damage to light structures situzil ed near the coast. In estuaries reversal of the river flow for some distance upstream.

Strong. Flooding of the shore to some depth. Light scouring on man-made ground. Embankments and dikes. damaged.. Light structures near the coast damaged. Solid structures on the coast injured. Big sailing; -vessels and small ships drifted inland or carried out to sea. Coasts littered with floating debris.

Very strong. General flooding of the shore to some depth. Quay-walls and solid structures near the sea, damaged. Light structures destroyed. Severe scouring of cultivated land and littering of the coast with floating items and sea animals. With the exception of big ships all other type of vessels carried inland or (nit to sea. Big bores in estuary rivers. Harbour works damaged. People drowned. Wave accompanied. by strong roar.

.Disastrous. Partial or complete destruction of man-made structures for some distance from the shore. Flooding of coasts to great depths. Big ships ,severely damaged. Trees uprooted Or broken. Many casualties.

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