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Letter written by an Anonymous Venetian and reproduced in flysheets in Europe

Background and Biography
Background and Biography

Excerpts
English translation of the German version from Ambraseys (2009)

About noon, on the 14th of January AD 1546 there was a terrific earthquake in Jerusalem. As a result the vault of the Holy Tomb sunk and the walls and tower of the Temple were damaged and parts of them collapsed. The same happened in Damascus and great damage was done to other towns and villages; many people perished at sea and on land. Four towns in particular, Rama, Joppe, ‘Zozilgip and Sichem were totally destroyed by this earthquake to the extent that, with the exception of Damascus and Joppe, one can no longer recognise that there had been towns on these sites. And there exist no other places in these regions that would not have been damaged. On the same day, blood was flowing out from a fountain, named after the Prophet Eliseo, from which always water was drawn off. And at the beginning of this, flames coming out from the fountain were seen, and this lasted for four days. On the day of the earthquake the river Jordan dried up for two days and so did all the streams around Joppe that fall into the sea, which stopped flowing for three days. And when they began to flow again, the water was red. The sea near Joppe retreated to a distance of a full days’ walk off shore (sic.), so that one could walk with dry feet on the sea bed. A great many people, about 10 000, who ventured on foot offshore were drowned when the sea came back. At the same time, unusually strong winds got up so that near Tripoli they brought up a lot of sand and clay from the south that drifted into mounts. At the same time, equally strong winds caused great damage to the city of Famagusta in Cyprus and ruined its vineyards, something that also happened at San Sergio’ (Anon. 1546).

Observations about the French version from Ambraseys (2009)

The French version does not mention Zozilgip at all, and differs in some details from the German version. It attributes to a tempest the collapse of part of the walls of the Sepulchre in Jerusalem, of one third of the temple of Solomon, i.e. one of the mosques on Temple Mount, and of all the bell towers in Judea; in addition it implies that the coast was flooded by the sea all the way from Gaza to Jaffa (Techener 1861).

Original Document - German version - front page
Chronology
Year Reference Corrections Notes
about noon 14 Jan. 1546 CE about noon 14th of January AD 1546 none
Seismic Effects

German version
  • terrific earthquake in Jerusalem
  • the vault of the Holy Tomb sunk
  • the walls and tower of the Temple were damaged and parts of them collapsed
  • The same happened in Damascus and great damage was done to other towns and villages; many people perished at sea and on land
  • Rama, Joppe, ‘Zozilgip and Sichem were totally destroyed by this earthquake to the extent that, with the exception of Damascus and Joppe, one can no longer recognise that there had been towns on these sites.
  • there exist no other places in these regions that would not have been damaged
  • On the same day, blood was flowing out from a fountain, named after the Prophet Eliseo, from which always water was drawn off. And at the beginning of this, flames coming out from the fountain were seen, and this lasted for four days
  • On the day of the earthquake the river Jordan dried up for two days
  • [On the day of the earthquake] all the streams around Joppe that fall into the sea [...] stopped flowing for three days. And when they began to flow again, the water was red.
  • tsunami - The sea near Joppe retreated to a distance of a full days’ walk off shore (sic.), so that one could walk with dry feet on the sea bed. A great many people, about 10 000, who ventured on foot offshore were drowned when the sea came back
French version
  • does not mention Zozilgip at all
  • attributes [...] the collapse of part of the walls of the Sepulchre in Jerusalem, one third of the temple of Solomon (i.e. one of the mosques on Temple Mount), and all the bell towers in Judea to a tempest
  • tsunami - implies that the coast was flooded by the sea all the way from Gaza to Jaffa (Techener 1861)
Locations
  • Jerusalem
  • Damascus
  • Rama
  • Joppe
  • Sichem
  • ‘Zozilgip - Ambraseys (2009) notes that Klein (1939) suggests that Zozilgip stands for zoz ilgip, that is, so ist al-Gib, al-Gib being the early Giv’on, a township north of Jerusalem while adding that the French version does not mention Zozilgip at all
  • landslide at Damiye ? - the river Jordan dried up for two days
Online Versions and Further Reading
References