Herzog (2002:96-97) suggested that the ~760 BCE Amos Quake destroyed fortifications at Arad in Stratum XI leading to the rebuilding observed in Stratum X. Since his earthquake assignment was based on rebuilding evidence, no seismic effects were observed but one could assume that, if Herzog (2002)'s seismic interpretation is correct, there would have been some collapsed walls in Stratum XI. Herzog (2002:94) dated Stratum XI to between the second half of the 9th century BCE and the first half of the 8th century BCE. He used the low chronology of Finkelstein and dating was based on pottery, comparison with other sites, climate change, interpretation of socio-political developments, and architectural style. It appears that the ~760 BCE Amos Quake was used to assign the end date of Stratum XI and an association with Pharaoh Shishak's raid in 926 BCE and other concomitant phenomena was used to assign the start date. Arad was mentioned in the list of cities conquered by Pharaoh Shishak in 926 BCE (Herzog, 2002:92).

Singer-Avitz (2002:162) noted that "Assyrian/Edomite pottery and finds first appear in Stratum X and are known in all subsequent strata up to the end of the Iron Age." This led to the conclusion that the final phase of Stratum X "must have existed when Judah was already one of the vassal states of the Assyrian empire, incorporated into its economic system and exposed to certain Assyrian/Edomite influences." This, in turn, led to a terminus ante quem of ca. 725 BCE for the end of Stratum X as the end of Stratum X cannot be earlier than the reign of Tiglath Pileser III (r. 745-727 BCE)" who conquered the northern Kingdom of Israel in 732 BCE.

Singer-Avitz (2002:162) also states that "we have no clear indication of the date of the establishment of Stratum X and may draw conclusions based only on general assumptions and estimations". She noted that "it is not clear if Stratum X was established immediately after the destruction of Stratum XI or if there was a gap between these two strata" while adding that "while there is continuity in the general outline of the site that attests to continuous settlement, there is also a considerable difference in the fortifications and vessel types."