Severus Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ
recorded what appears to be an eyewitness account of
seismic shaking experienced in Egypt, probably at
Alexandria. Although the text does not specify the year,
it does provide the date and time of day. The earthquake
was felt at night on the 21st of Tuba. Despite strong
shaking, the witness reported no significant collapses or
casualties in Egypt, except at Damietta — a site likely
susceptible to liquefaction and situated in the part of the
Nile Delta closest to the Dead Sea Transform.
The witness further noted that the shaking was felt from
Gaza to Persia, where six hundred towns and villages were
destroyed. Many ships reportedly sank that night, suggesting
that a tsunami struck the coasts. Because of the limitations
of communication in that era, the observer would not have
realized that two earthquakes had occurred in close
succession — a pair now known as the Holy Desert Quake and
the Talking Mule Quake. The first, with a closer epicenter,
struck at night; the second followed the next morning. From
Egypt, the event seemed like a single, universal nighttime
earthquake felt as far as Persia.
When this Egyptian testimony is compared with the account of
Pseudo‑Dionysius of Tell-Mahre,
who described a destructive morning earthquake in northern
Syria and Jazira preceded by a distant rumble the night
before, the sequence becomes clear: the Holy Desert
Earthquake struck at night, and the Talking Mule Quake
followed the next morning. In Egypt, it was remembered as a
universal nocturnal earthquake; in northern Syria and Jazira,
as a universal daytime one.
The 21st of Tuba corresponds to 16 January 749 CE or
17 January 748 CE.