Sometime around 65 BCE, while Roman general Pompey was successively conquering Anatolia, Syria, and Judea, a powerful earthquake struck Syria, likely affecting the city of Antioch. Four ancient historians — Justinus (quoting Trogus), Johannes Malalas, Dio Cassius, and Orosius — writing between the 1st and 6th centuries CE, recorded chronologically vague accounts of this event, each describing it as a severe earthquake. Ambraseys (2009) dated the earthquake to between 69 and 66 BCE, while Guidoboni et al. (1994) assigned it to approximately 65 BCE. Both noted that the chronology remains difficult to resolve due to ambiguities within the ancient sources.