Bar Hebraeus wrote that on the 29th or 30th of November 1114 CE, a terribly violent earthquake took place during which the whole city of Marash sank underground and became the tomb of its inhabitants. He further reported that very many houses fell down and that Constantine, the lord of Gargar ... together with many others, was suffocated in the ruins of Samosata (Samsat). Thirteen towers of the wall of Edessa collapsed, portions of the wall of Harran fell, and a hundred houses and one-half of the citadel of Balis were overturned. He also noted that the church of Mar John and the church of the Forty Martyrs in Khishum were damaged or destroyed.