Writing almost five centuries after the reported event,
as-Suyūṭī recorded that in
A.H. 434 (1042 August 21–1043 August 9) an earthquake affected
Tabriz, Palmyra (Tadmur), and Baalbek. Because Palmyra and Baalbek lie
approximately 800–1,000 km from Tabriz,
Ambraseys (2009) argued that as-Suyūṭī was likely conflating two
separate earthquakes occurring in the same year. English renderings of
al-Suyūṭī’s notice—whether through
Ambraseys (2009),
Guidoboni and Comastri (2005),
Sbeinati et al. (2005), or
Sprenger (1843)—show minor inconsistencies, but usually agree that the
earthquake striking Palmyra caused severe loss of life, while Baalbek is
mentioned without any explicit description of damage. Ambraseys further
noted that the distance between Palmyra and Baalbek (c. 200 km) suggests
either two distinct events or, that while Palmyra
suffered heavy destruction, the earthquake was only felt at Baalbek.